=== pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-105.pdf === The sector’s responses are articulated to be more robust over the planning period and likely to result in utilizing new and advanced technologies and increasing capacity-building initiatives and adopting innovative financing mechanisms. Thus, developing green financing mechanisms is crucial to accelerate a just transition that will incentivize investments in low-carbon technologies. Mobilizing private capital and reducing financial risks associated with green projects will result in sustainable energy projects. The DOE has been collaborating with various development partners and international organizations including the Energy Transition Council (ETC), Energy Transition Partnership (ETP), Energy Transition Mechanism (ETM), and Clean Energy Finance and Investment Mobilization (CEFIM). Details of these various engagements are discussed in Forging Strategic Alliances with the International Community Chapter of this Plan. The Philippines recognizes that the process of transitioning to a clean and sustainable energy system is already underway and that the strategies for low carbon and climate-and disaster-resilient solutions reflect the country’s commitment to achieve such goal. However, significant strides must still be pursued to close the financing gap and redirect capital flows to achieve the envisioned just energy transition. I. Energy Transition Pathway The energy transition pathway is poised to provide access to affordable, accessible, reliable, and clean energy, which will ensure a strongly rooted, comfortable, and secure life for Filipinos. For an efficient energy transition, the approach must be a gradual process, necessitating the enhancement of energy delivery through coordinated reforms and investments across the entire energy sector, all integrated into broader development initiatives. The key components enabling the energy transition pathway are encapsulated as follows: RE EEC EMERGING & INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES ICT ENERGY RESILIENCY 35% of power generation mix by 2030, 50% by 2040, and more than 50% by 2050 10% energy savings on oil products and electricity by 2040 up to 2050 50% EV penetration rate in road transport by 2040; Exploring new and efficient technologies Adopting advanced and smart grid technologies Resilient and climateproof energy infrastructure PH CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL ENERGY TRANSITION Offshore Wind Development and Support Port Infrastructure I Marine-Based Energy Resource Development I Rightskilling of Filipino Workforce and International Accreditation Initiative I Mining and Manufacturing of Green Materials I Voluntary Retirement and Repurposing of CFPPs These goals support the Global Renewables and Energy Efficiency Pledge of tripling RE capacity with at least 11,000 GW by 2030 and doubling the global average annual rate of energy efficiency improvements from around 2.0 percent to over 4.0 percent every year until 2030. The country participated in this initiative at the 28th Conference of Parties (COP28) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which aims to collectively meet the goal of the Paris Agreement in keeping the global temperature well below two degrees Celsius (2°C), while pursuing efforts to limit this to one point five degrees Celsius (1.5°C). Vo l u m e 1 96 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-106.pdf === Demand-side mitigation measures such as: (1) 10.0 percent energy savings on oil products and electricity by 2040 up to 2050 through the implementation of energy efficiency and conservation measures; (2) 50.0 percent EV penetration rate in road transport by 2040 onwards, and (3) higher biofuel blending flatten the overall consumption by 12.7 MTOE by 2050. Reduction in TFEC reaches 10.0 percent up to 12.3 percent by 2030 and 2050, respectively, relative to the case without mitigation measures. The EV penetration and biofuels contribute around 3.0 percent each, while the rest (6.0 percent) comes from energy saving measures (Figure 71). Supply-side mitigation measures. Increasing the penetration of RE sources in the power generation mix to 35.0 percent by 2030 more than triples the 2022 RE capacity at 8.3 GW, while higher RE shares of 50.0 percent by 2040 and more than 50.0 Figure 71. Energy Consumption Reduction from the Demand-side Mitigation Measures, 2023-2050 percent by 2050 result in massive additional RE capacities in all scenarios coupled with voluntary retirement and possible repurposing of CFPPs. These targets would allow hydrogen and its derivatives to serve as alternative energy that can be stored to support variable RE (solar and wind) for a more stable and reliable system. On the other hand, nuclear power comprises a total of 4.8 GW by 2050. These supply-side measures give way for TPES levels to exhibit improvements in energy intensity at 4.0 percent average annual rate by 2030, 6.0 percent by 2040 and 4.0 percent by 2050. Energy transition enablers. To further ensure and accelerate the country’s long-term vision and commitment, the energy transition measures include: infrastructure support such as adopting information and communication technology (ICT) through advanced smart grid technologies as embraced in the Smart and Green Grid Plan (SGGP) and port infrastructure to support OSW and marine based energy resource development projects; fortifying our energy infrastructure to be resilient and climate-proof; empowering the Filipino workforce through rightskilling initiatives and international accreditation programs; and, championing the mining and manufacturing of green materials. II. Policy Implications Towards Energy Transition The Philippines ranks 94th out of 120 countries in the 2023 Energy Transition Report of the World Economic Forum (WEF) due to low scores in transition preparedness. As the country is keen to achieve a clean energy future, its 2023 ranking poses a challenge for the energy sector to exert efforts to further support improvements in system performance and readiness for energy transition. A. SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ENERGY SYSTEM ❖ Equitable Energy Access to Modern Energy. The household sector’s energy demand mix has been shifting toward modern fuels over the years. Electricity and LPG displace traditional biomass as cooking fuel as households move towards the long-term vision of middle-income class society and greater access to modern energy (Figure 72). 97 Philippine Energy Plan === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-107.pdf === Figure 72. Household Fuel Shares (%) The current administration envisions achieving 100 percent household electrification by 2028, which aligns with the DOE's commitment in advancing sustainable rural development and alleviating poverty by providing electricity access for all. As of December 2022, the country’s household electrification level was 96.2 percent (based on the 2015 census of population), which means that about 25.9 million households are now enjoying the benefits of electricity service, while the remaining 879,232 households are still to be provided with electricity access. Currently, preparations are underway for the conduct of the 2024 Household Energy Consumption Survey (HECS). The 2024 HECS seeks to update the 2011 baseline for the number of households with access to modern energy. Affordability. Among major economies, the share of energy expenditure to the average household expenditure ranges from 3.2 percent to 7.2 percent.70 The 2021 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES)71 records that a typical Filipino household spends 7.3 percent on energy, slightly higher compared to the Italy’s (one of the major economies reviewed by the IEA) 7.2 percent. This is due to the impact of COVID restrictions where most of the household members follow work-from-home (WFH) arrangements. Before the pandemic, the share was lower by almost 1.0 percentage point. With the 7.1 percent annual average economic growth throughout the planning horizon, it is expected that the share of energy expenditure to the average household expenditure declines to 5.3 percent (Figure 73). This is closer to the mid-level shares of the developed and major economies such as France, the United Kingdom, and Japan. Figure 73. Share of Household expenditure in average household incomes, 2000-2021 Note: CY 2000-2021 are based on the Family Income Expenditure Surveys conducted every 3 years (PSA, 2000-2021); 2024 onwards are approximations. Blended Generation (levelized cost of electricity or LCOE). The blended rate of power generation cost under the REF increases at an annual rate of 0.8 percent between 2023 level of PhP5.1/kWh to PhP6.3/ kWh by 2050. The RE capital cost exhibiting a learning curve slows down the blended rate to 0.2 percent and 0.6 percent for CES 1 and CES 2, respectively (Figure 74). The REF appears to have the highest blended rate due to steady increases in fossil fuels and technology capital costs. However, as technologies with higher capacity factor, particularly OSW, have increased shares under CES 2, it translates to lower blended rate compared to the other two scenarios. Figure 74. Blended rate of generation cost for the period 2023-2050 by Scenario Blended rate does reflect the true cost of energy but only represents the trajectory of generation cost when targets are in place. The cost pathway shows that as we decarbonize the electricity sector, the trade-off is to pay higher cost of electricity. However, sustaining economic growth allows for higher disposable income, of which 5.3 percent will be spent on energy expenditures of the households thereby achieving affordability of energy (Figure 73). IEA. (2023, May 26). Shares of home energy expenditure in average household incomes in major economies, 2021-2022. Retrieved from IEA: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/ shares-of-home-energy-expenditure-in-average-household-incomes-in-major-economies-2021- 2022, License: CC BY 4.0 71 PSA. (2000-2021). Family Income Expenditure Survey. Manila: Philippine Statistics Authority 70 Vo l u m e 1 98 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-108.pdf === Economic Development. The economic structure of a country serves as an indicator of how much energy is required to fuel its development, i.e., whether the sectors that drive economic growth are energy intensive (industry) or less energy intensive (services and agriculture). Figure 75 shows the relationships of energy per capita and GDP per capita (or income per capita) of selected ASEAN countries, India, and China for 2000-2022 compared with the Philippines’ trajectory under the PEP’s REF, CES 1 and CES 2 for the period 2023-2050. It is evident that the Philippines is next to India with the lowest income per capita, while China and Malaysia are the highest with around USD 11,600 and USD 11,400 in 2022, respectively. On the other hand, the Philippines' 2022 energy per capita consumption level is the lowest among the countries in comparison at 0.61 TOE/person next to India’s 0.44 TOE/person. Meanwhile, Singapore and Malaysia have the highest energy per capita at 12.7 TOE/person and 3.4 TOE/person, respectively. The graph also shows that between 2000 and 2022, the country’s energy consumption per capita did not increase substantially despite increasing income per capita (see blue scatter plots encircled with red line in Figure 75), while most of the ASEAN countries’ energy consumption per capita is highly proportional to the increases in their per capita income. Figure 75. Energy per capita vs. GDP per capita trajectory of ASEAN Countries for the Period 2000-2022 compared with PEP’s REF, CES 1 and CES 2 for the period 2023-2050 In this PEP update, the impact of having the Services sector as the major contributor to GDP can be seen in the movement of the energy per capita vis-à-vis GDP per capita – with a steep upward trend (see scatter plots within the green dotted circle in Figure 75). The country’s energy per capita consumption gradually increases despite the upsurge in income per capita across the planning horizon. Figure 76. Share of Indigenous Production to TPES ❖ Security of Energy Supply Supply Security. Higher RE share, production of low-carbon technologies, voluntary retirement and possible repurposing of CFPPs result in reduced fuel imports towards the end of the planning horizon. Local production share declines from 49.2 percent in 2022 to 38.8 percent by 2050 under the REF. Compared to the CES 1 and CES 2 trajectories, it increases to 52.8 percent and 54.7, respectively (Figure 76). This indicates that the security of supply improves with the country’s decarbonization target. 99 Philippine Energy Plan === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-109.pdf === Reliability and Resilience. Reliable transmission infrastructure plays a significant role in integrating large-scale renewable energy facilities. Deployment of large-scale wind and solar generation may only require a year or less, while transmission planning and development may take 10 or more years. The RE development requires financing, but remote wind or solar power projects cannot be implemented without accessible transmission infrastructures. Thus, the transmission infrastructure should be in place prior to the implementation of RE targets. Figure 77. Designated RE Zones from CREZ-1 Designating RE zones simultaneous to the strategic development of new connections and modernization of existing transmission infrastructure addresses investment risk brought by barriers in its development process. The CREZ vision is to adopt pro-active transmission planning and implementation, and direct RE development to places that optimize the use of indigenous resources and maximize the benefits to the people. Source: Grid Planning and Competitive Renewable Energy Zones (CREZ) in the Philippines To improve the reliability of the transmission system, the government led the conduct of the CREZ Process with the issuance of a Department Circular DC2018-09-0027 for the “Establishment and Development of Competitive Renewable Energy Zones in the Country” on 13 September 2018 to support the DOE in overcoming RE development obstacles, such as transmission constraints, regulatory barriers, and financial investments by the private sector. This process identified 25 RE zones that are viable for development, which are also considered in the generation and transmission planning (Figure 77). The CREZ has progressed to include areas for battery storage to enhance the reliability of the grid with more VRE installation under CREZ-2. Moreover, the DOE is formulating a strategic blueprint (SGGP) for the development, deployment, and operation of a modern transmission infrastructure that supports the integration of clean energy sources and enables a sustainable, reliable, and resilient power grid. This initiative shall integrate the results of CREZ-1 and CREZ-2. Figure 78. VRE and ESS Shares to Generation Mix Figure 53 (Section A of this Chapter) illustrates how the ESS, such as BESS and hydropower pump storage plants contribute to the grid performance reliability as part of the operational reserve requirements. About 22 GW of BESS will be installed by 2050 for CES 1 and 24.7 GW for CES 2, while pump hydro storage will contribute 2.3 GW and 2.1 GW for CES 1 and CES 2 by 2050, respectively. However, there is a need to ensure grid reliability as the share of VRE, which are prone to ramp down drastically from 100 percent of their capacity to zero percent at any time, in the generation mix under CES 2 increases from 21.0 percent in 2030 to 35.3 percent by 2050 (Figure 78). The ESS considered in the capacity mix serves as ancillary services of the grid. However, the combined share only accounts for 1.9 percent by 2030 to 4.8 percent by 2050. With this, LNG plays a vital role in supporting grid stability, while decommissioned traditional CFPPs can be retrofitted to be flexible for this purpose. There is also an opportunity to produce green hydrogen should the awarded service contracts (SCs) for OSW provide a considerable amount of firm capacity for power generation. Vo l u m e 1 100 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-110.pdf === ❖ Sustainability of Energy Energy Efficiency as a Way of Life. The Philippines’ energy intensity registered an annual decline of 2.0 percent from 4.3 TOE/MPhP in 2005 to 3.1 TOE/MPhP in 2022. This translates to a cumulative efficiency gain of around 30.0 percent vis-à-vis 2005 baseline, higher than the APEC region’s 22.0 percent72. The energy sector’s achievement is attributed to the effective implementation of energy policies and the corresponding adoption of energy-efficient technologies and applications. Figure 79. Reduction in Energy Intensity as indicator of improvements in energy efficiency The ASEAN and APEC regional cooperation has set forth targets on energy intensity reduction among its energy goals. The ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC) 2016-2025 Phase II seeks to reduce energy intensity by 32.0 percent by 2025 from 2005 as the base year and encourage further energy efficiency and conservation efforts, especially in transport and industry sectors. The PEP 2023- 2050 achieves the ASEAN target in 2023 or two years earlier and exceeds the same by 4.0 percentage points by 2025. The APEC also sets its aspirational energy intensity reduction at 45.0 percent by 2035. The CES breaches this level in 2028 or seven years ahead with a 46.0 percent reduction in energy intensity (Figure 79). Table 32 shows energy intensity per end-use sectors in 2022, 2030 and 2050 for both the REF and CES demand scenarios. Energy efficiency, including fuel diversification measures translate to a significant reduction in energy use per unit of economic output, particularly in energy-intensive sectors such as transport, cement and iron and steel. However, there is a need to further improve efforts for the food and machinery and equipment sub-sectors, to ensure economy-wide reduction targets are met. Table 32. End-use Sectoral Energy Intensity, in TOE/PhP Million: 2022., 2030 and 2050 Sector/Sub-Sector Energy Intensity 2022 Actual REF REF CES REF CES -45.45 -49.85 -89.53 -90.87 1.15 1.11 0.76 0.71 -14.46 -17.61 -43.26 -47.27 1.45 1.40 1.30 1.21 -4.76 -7.94 -14.85 -20.74 10.57 10.12 12.21 11.09 -5.63 -9.67 8.96 -1.02 Industry 1.35 1.52 11.20 REF CES 2050 1.66 9.90 CES 2030 1.90 18.16 Cement 2050 9.11 Transport Energy Intensive % Reduction from 2022 2030 Food 1.15 1.28 1.25 2.02 1.91 12.01 9.39 75.85 66.54 Chemical 0.52 0.48 0.46 0.33 0.30 -8.25 -12.09 -36.90 -42.40 Iron & Steel 5.03 2.37 2.29 0.66 0.61 -52.84 -54.49 -86.94 -87.87 Machinery & Equipment 0.86 1.07 1.02 1.22 1.11 25.17 19.50 42.78 30.23 Paper and Printing 4.88 2.58 2.49 2.46 2.30 -47.04 -49.00 -49.61 -52.83 Other Industries 1.09 0.76 0.72 0.28 0.26 -30.17 -33.36 -74.06 -76.05 Services 0.36 0.29 0.28 0.17 0.16 -20.69 -23.04 -54.06 -56.84 Agriculture 0.21 0.18 0.17 0.14 0.13 -17.46 -20.03 -32.32 -36.70 Households 0.71 0.50 0.49 0.22 0.20 -29.74 -30.74 -69.59 -71.27 Note: Sectoral intensities may not add-up to economy-wide intensity due to sector-specific Gross Value Added (GVA) used as denominator 72 101 APEC is on track to meet aspirational energy goals. (2022, September 22). [Press release]. https://www.apec.org/press/newsreleases/ 2022/apec-is-on-track-to-meet-aspirational-energy-goals Philippine Energy Plan === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-111.pdf === GHG Avoidance and Reduction. Mitigation measures under the REF, such as increasing biodiesel blend to 5.0 percent by 2026, 10.0 percent penetration rates for EVs and a 50.0 percent RE share in the generation mix, result in a cumulative GHG emission avoidance and reduction of around 1,200.2 MtCO2e by 2050. Figure 80. Cumulative GHG Avoidance and Reduction from 2023 to 2050 by Mitigation Measures in MtCO2e Sustaining a 10.0 percent energy savings and a 50.0 percent EV target from 2040 onwards translates to an aggregate reduction of 1,606.6 MtCO2e in GHG emissions by the end of the planning horizon vis-à-vis the REF. With the entry of 19 GW OSW capacities and the 4,800 MW nuclear capacity by 2050, CES 1 pushes the cumulative GHG avoidance and reduction to 2,173.5 MtCO2e by 2050. This further increases to 2,458.2 MtCO2e with the *Includes emission reduction from RE due to retirement of CFPPs expansion of OSW capacities to 50 MW under the CES 2. These values represent about 31.6 percent (CES 1) to 35.8 percent (CES 2) of the cumulative baseline emissions from 2023 to 2050. In addition, these scenarios already incorporate a cumulative reduction in GHG emissions between 6.1 MtCO2e (CES 1) and 8.1 MtCO2e (CES 2) from the retirement of CFPPs, about 3,660 MW and 4,803, respectively (Figure 80). Amidst the robust decarbonization targets in the power sector and demand-side, net-zero is far from being reached within the planning horizon. Thus, there is a need to explore more mitigation measures in the transport sector, the next largest emitter after the power sector. If we hypothetically increase the blend of bioethanol to 20.0 percent by 2030, this translates a reduction of 48.8 MtCO2e or 1.9 percent of total GHG avoidance and reduction. By scenario, the impact of our decarbonization targets shrinks the GHG emission by 26.1 percent by 2050 as compared to the REF and further declines by 6.8 percent under CES 2. Voluntary retirement and possible repurposing of CFPPs to clean fuel can also accelerate the achievement of low carbon targets. The LNG comes in and serves as a transition fuel to achieve reliability of the system along with BESS and other ESS such as pump storage hydro and hydrogen production to compensate for the decommissioning of CFPPs and intermittent RE. Carbon per Capita and Intensity. Carbon per capita increases from a level of 1.2 ton of CO2 equivalent per person (tCO2e/person) in 2022 to 1.9 tCO2e /person in 2050. The progressive targets for energy transition reflect on the CES 1 and CES 2 levels of carbon per capita at 1.4 tCO2e/person and 1.3 tCO2e/person, respectively, tempering potential increase of GHG emission at the end of the planning period (Figure 81). On the other hand, carbon intensity to TPES declines with the decarbonization targets for both the demand- and supply-side measures. The carbon intensity to TPES decreases from a base year of 2.2 tons of CO2 equivalent per TOE (tCO2e/TOE) in 2022 to 1.9 tCO2e/TOE in 2050 for REF, 1.6 tCO2e/TOE for CES 1 and 1.5 tCO2e/TOE for CES 2 (Figure 82). Figure 81. Carbon emission per capita Figure 82. Carbon intensity to TPES Vo l u m e 1 102 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-112.pdf === Share of Clean Fuel in the TPES Overall sectoral targets usher energy transition through decarbonization of TPES beyond 2050. In Figure 83, clean energy sources, such as RE resources (excluding traditional biomass cooking) and other emerging technologies like nuclear, reach 46.7 percent by 2050 for CES 1 and 48.3 percent for CES 2. This shows that robust targets in power generation alone do not satisfy the goal of transitioning to clean fuel and calls for more accelerated efforts for nonpower, such as transport sector. On the other hand, the 2025 RE share under this PEP exceeds the targets under the APAEC. The ASEAN recognizes the role of RE as an important mechanism to accelerate energy transition by setting up aspirational targets of 23.0 percent share of RE in the TPES and a 35.0 percent share of RE in installed power capacity by 2025. It is also noteworthy that under the CES, RE shares exceed the targets under the PDP 2023-2028. Figure 83. Share of clean fuel and non-clean fuel in the TPES, 2023-2050 Note: TF refers to traditional fuels such coal, oil gas and traditional biomass for cooking fuel, which pose health hazard; while CE stands for clean energy and covers RE (excluding traditional biomass for HH) and other emerging technologies such as nuclear energy. B. TRANSITION ENABLERS Regulation and Political Commitment Preferential Dispatch of All RE Resources in the Wholesale Electricity Spot Market (WESM): All RE generating units are given a preference in the WESM dispatch schedule. This is to encourage additional investments because of guaranteed dispatch in the grid at their full available capacity, allowing recovery of investments. Policy Framework for Offshore Wind: Executive Order (EO) 21 “Directing the Establishment of the Policy and Administrative Framework for Offshore Wind Development” supports the aggressive development of the country’s OSW potential. These policies drive the transition from a coal-dominated capacity mix to a RE-centered one. Following EO 21, the DOE issued DC2023-06-0020 titled “Policy and Administrative Framework for the Efficient and Optimal Development of the Country’s Offshore Wind (OSW) Resources,” on 16 June 2023. Initiatives on Marine Spatial Planning, Grid Readiness, and Permitting and Consenting are being undertaken to hasten the development of OSW resources. Accelerating renewable energy requires conducive regulatory and financial environment. Despite the robust RE target and use of low-carbon technologies in power generation, as well as in the demandside, the country does not commit to net-zero emission goals as it prioritizes energy security and reliability of energy supply. As such, natural gas serves as transition fuel in place of decommissioned CFPPs, while the coal moratorium policy in 2020 covers only new coal power projects. The energy sector likewise encourages hybridization of conventional energy (oil and coal) plants in balancing the effect of reduction in their utilization vis-à-vis their vital role in the country’s energy security. Finance and Investment Accelerating RE requires a conducive regulatory and financial environment. The enabling policies in place to ensure investor confidence and to safeguard the benefits of the Filipinos include: 103 Philippine Energy Plan === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-113.pdf === • Allowing 100 foreign ownership in RE projects [geothermal, solar, wind, biomass, ocean, or tidal energy] for the promotion, exploration, development, and utilization of the country’s RE resources; • Providing a sovereign guarantee for financing sustainable energy projects through the Sustainable Energy Credit Guarantee Facility (SEGF) of the Philippine Guarantee Corporation (PHILGUARANTEE)73, which has been set since 2014; and, • Issuing 25-year green bonds by private corporations, which amounted to USD6.58 billion worth in 2022, as part of our initiatives and foray into the Green and Sustainability Capital Market74 In the Sustainable Bond Allocation and Impact Report of the government covering green bond issuances from March 2022 to January 2023, which amounted to USD3.55 billion, 0.1 percent was provided for RE development.75 This was used in promoting RE through information, education, and campaigns (IECs) throughout the country. This resulted in the awarding of RE contracts with a potential capacity of more than 70 MW from CY 2020 to August 2023. Figure 84. Share of Low-Carbon Technologies' Investment to GDP Share of RE and Other Low-carbon Technology Investment to GDP Although the bulk of RE installed capacity will be in place beyond 2030, the total share of RE investment to GDP is decreasing due to the declining capital cost of clean technology (Figure 84). The total annual average share of investments from RE and low-carbon technology to GDP accounts for 0.4 percent under the REF, 0.5 percent for CES 1, and 0.7 percent for CES 2. Education and Human Capital Global decarbonization efforts are poised to bring profound shifts in the energy sector's employment, which bring a massive and new opportunity for job creation in clean energy while traditional energy sector job sees to decline.76 This requires the development of new programs of education, certification, and vocational training along with targeted rightskilling programs for the existing workforce. This plan identifies more than 106 GW of new capacity by 2050 from RE technologies that are estimated to create more than 1.2 million green jobs by 2050. The government recognizes this by directing the DOE and the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) to spearhead an initiative on the Rightskilling of Filipino Workforce to Support the Global Energy Transition.77 The primary objectives of this initiative are to: • • • • • Sustain technical education and skills development to enhance human capital and build a skilled “green” workforce capable of driving sustainable development in the Philippines; Match job offers and demands the Philippine Energy Transition Program requires; Provide capacity-building for Philippine institutions, including local government units (LGUs), to enhance governance and institutional capacities in implementing policies and programs supporting the green economy; Share information on best practices and innovations towards improving resource use efficiency, minimizing waste generation, and scaling up RE and EEC; and, Support investments in climate change adaptation, mitigation, and environmental protection measures, including the development and transfer of green technologies and innovations. Sustainable Energy Credit Guarantee Facility (SEGF). (n.d.). Philippine Guarantee Corporation. https://www.philguarantee.gov.ph/programs/guarantee-programs/corporate-msme/ sustainable-energy-credit-guarantee-facility-segf/ 74 Sustainable Finance Market Update as of December 2022. (2022, December 31). Securities and Exchange Commission. https://www.sec.gov.ph/cmsustainable- 2022/sustainablefinance-market-update-as-of-december-2022/#gsc.tab=0 75 Bureau of Treasury. (2023). Sustainability Bond: Allocation and Impact Report. https://www.treasury.gov.ph/wpcontent/ uploads/2023/10/Sustainable-Bond-Report-and-DNV External-Review.pdf 76 IEA. (2022, September). Skills Development and Inclusivity for Clean Energy Transition. Retrieved from International Energy Agency: https://www.iea.org/reports/skills-developmentand-inclusivity-for-clean-energy-transitions, License: CC BY 4.0 77 DOE. (2023, August 04). Concept paper for the Rightskilling of Filipino Workforce to Support Global Energy Transition. Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines. 73 Vo l u m e 1 104 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-114.pdf === Innovation To improve the reliability, efficiency, flexibility, and resiliency of the power system and promote consumer empowerment, the national policy framework for smart grid and roadmap for DUs was rolled out in 2020. The main goal for the power sector is to establish flexible and interconnected smart grids for all the areas in the Philippines to have an optimized energy system for the different island grids across the country. This is part of the commitment to ensure 100 percent electrification of all households in the country so that no one will be left behind with all the advancements in the energy industry. To achieve this goal, the DOE shall continuously improve its existing electrification strategies, utilize advanced and emerging technologies, and adopt innovative solutions. To further guide the government in its electrification efforts, RA 11646, or the “Microgrid Systems Act of 2022” was passed, which promotes the use of microgrids to provide uninterrupted power in remote communities with due consideration on the cost-efficient, renewable, and environment-friendly power sources. Figure 85. OSW Potential Areas Provision of Infrastructure to Accelerate Deployment of Low Carbon Technologies The aggressive RE targets require the timely development of a green and smart transmission system to integrate and manage the additional RE capacity expected to come online from 2024 to 2050. The SGGP is envisioned as a strategic blueprint for the development, deployment, and operation of a modern transmission infrastructure that supports the integration of clean energy sources and enables a sustainable, reliable, and resilient power grid. The 178 GW Offshore wind (OSW) resource based on World Bank (WB) study (Figure 85) offers promising interest to the investors as the DOE granted OSW Service Contracts (80 OSW projects with 62.3 GW potential capacity as of October 2023). The Philippines needs to invest in maritime facilities such as port areas that can accommodate the construction, maintenance, and repairs of OSW farms. This is being coordinated with the Department of Transportation (DOTr) and the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) in identifying potential ports and private investors that can upgrade these ports. The issuance of the Electric Vehicle Industry Development Act (EVIDA) and the formulation of CREVI shall accelerate the adoption of EVs. The CREVI sets a minimum 10.0 percent EV share in the vehicle fleet by 2040 under the Business-as-Usual (BAU) Scenario, while the CES sets an ambitious target of re-fleeting 50.0 percent of all vehicle fleets by the same year. Such requires infrastructure support for EVCS. Digital infrastructure readiness The Philippines ranks 71st out of 131 economies included in the 2022 Network Readiness Index (NRI)78. The country’s strength for the NRI relates to Impact criteria (50th) with sub-criteria relating to the economy, quality of life, and SDG contributions. However, for technology concerns (with sub-criteria concerning access, content, and future technologies), the country needs to put more effort into improving the country’s ranking (85th). The government needs to address this concern as this will support the deployment of RE and other clean energy sources and technologies. The DOE needs network support for the operation of the Energy Virtual One Stop Shop (EVOSS) and Smart Grid System, among others. 78 105 Portulans Institute. (2022). Benchmarking the Future of the Network Economy. Retrieved from Network Readiness Institute 2022: https://networkreadinessindex.org/ Philippine Energy Plan === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-115.pdf === The EVOSS System is an online portal that allows the coordinated submission and synchronous processing of all required data and information and provides a single decision-making portal for actions on applications for permits or certifications necessary for, or related to, an application of a proponent for new power generation, transmission, or distribution projects. With an array of permits and licenses needed for RE projects, the DOE is now in the process of integrating the remaining relevant agencies and entities into the EVOSS System platform. Additional agencies will also be included as identified under EO 21, such as the PPA, Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA), and Philippine Coast Guard (PCG). The DOE needs network support for the operation of EVOSS and Smart Grid System, among others.79 As of 23 June 2023, the DOE already processed 25 entity applications in the EVOSS platform, while 10 from related agencies’ clearances on compliances to operation, such as power supply and RE program agreements, as well as physical permits, clearances and working condition certificates. Deployment of RE and other clean energy sources and technologies needs network support for the operation of the Energy Virtual One Stop Shop (EVOSS) and Smart Grid systems among others. On the other hand, RE integration with smart grid to improve the network system to anticipate the downtimes of VREs and immediate response of ESS/BESS requires network support to foster reliability and resilience of the grid. C. ALIGNING THE INITIATIVES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF ENERGY TRANSITION PATH The existing plans, programs, and strategies are geared towards energy transition and are further discussed in the succeeding chapters. As to how these will position the country in the energy transition index, the following actions and initiatives direct them for the improvement of energy system performance and provision of enabling policies and other factors to further accelerate the positioning of the decarbonization targets and foster energy transition readiness. 1. Improvement of Energy System Performance • Implement 100 percent household by 2028 and improve greater access to modern energy along with the following measures: o Interconnection of off-grid areas to the national grid. o Hybridization and Distributed Energy Systems (DES) in off-grid areas. • Institutionalize the regular conduct of HECS. The regular conduct of HECS is essential to capture the updated energy consumption patterns and preferences of the households, including access to clean cooking fuels and technologies. • Diversify energy supply by making use of indigenous resources to reduce net imports and improve energy security with the following measures: o o Increase energy self-sufficiency level by making use of indigenous fuels such as RE and domestic resources. Ascertain the availability of LNG to complement VRE, while transitioning to clean fuels for the reliability of the system. Expanding the bioethanol to E20 by 2030 further pulls down the GHG emissions by 1.3 percent or 49.0 MtCO2e while considering solar PV for EV charging station tempers the negative impact of EV. DOE. (2023, 25 July). Press Releases. Retrieved from Philippines Department of Energy: https://www.doe.gov.ph/press-releases/energy-sectorensured- adequate-energy-supplyduring-first-year-marcos-jr 79 Vo l u m e 1 106 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-116.pdf === • Consider other fuels in the energy mix, i.e., use of nuclear power, green hydrogen, offshore wind, floating solar, etc. • Provide policy mechanisms for the voluntary retirement and repurposing of CFPPs to decrease our reliance on imported coal and to ensure the acceleration of RE and other low carbon technologies. Traditional power plants need to be retrofitted or repurpose for clean energy or technology. Diversify the transport fuel to reduce reliance on imported oil, improve energy security and mitigate the adverse effects of the volatility Global decarbonization efforts are poised to bring profound shifts in of oil prices in the international market to the energy sector's employment the economy by increasing the biofuel blend which brings a massive and new and intensify promotion on the use of EVs in opportunity for job creation in the transport sector. A hypothetical scenario clean energy while traditional in which bioethanol blend increases to 20.0 energy sector job opportunities will decline. [IEA, 2022] percent (E20) by 2030 serves as an opportunity for a cumulative GHG reduction of 48.9 MtCO2e over the planning period, while the increase in biodiesel blend also pushes GHG reduction due to higher carbon content of diesel than gasoline. Likewise, considering off-grid Solar PV for EVCS may also soften the reverse impact of CREVI on GHG emission from electricity production. • Develop distributed and diverse energy systems, which include microgrids, ESS, and demand response technologies. 2. Provision of Energy Transition Enablers • 107 Ensure timely implementation of transmission plan for the deployment of large-scale RE. The DOE’s assessment of the implementation rate of the Transmission Development Plans (TDPs) submitted by the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) poses concerns on RE deployment. Since 2009, the transmission grid only increased by 8.0 percent in terms of line expansion. During the pre-pandemic years, the NGCP’s line expansion, on average, was only at a 1.0 percent progress rate per year (DOE, 2023). The timely implementation of transmission projects is crucial in the integration of largescale VREs. Philippine Energy Plan " For one, we will make sure that grid connections, the needed highways for electricity, will be completed in a timely manner so that additional generation capacity will be delivered down to the distribution sector and ultimately to the household level. - DOE Secretary R. P. M. Lotilla === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-117.pdf === • Put in place sufficient ESS/BESS and operational reserves to support zero to 100.0 percent ramp-up of VREs. • Guarantee effectiveness of financial enablers to accelerate deployment. The government issued key enablers for the financial investment of RE, i.e., 100 percent foreign ownership, issuance of green bonds and sovereign guarantee for NREP projects. Since 2014, the latter has been in place with financial allocations. Apparently, this allocation has not yet been fully implemented due to a lack of technical capability in some financial/banking institutions to facilitate it. Thus, the need to provide capacity building. • Continue collaborating with Department of Science and Technology (DOST) to provide innovative technologies that will localize the materials needed to support decarbonization, i.e., for fast charging of EVs, production of hydrogen, uranium enrichment, and smart technologies for electricity transmission. • Encourage participation of LGUs, communities and private sectors in the implementation of decarbonization targets by providing capacity building and conduct of IECs to rally the targets, plans and programs and the benefits to the end-use sectors, as well as to the people. • Coordinate with DICT to ensure readiness of digital infrastructure to support the EVOSS operation, installation of smart grid and other technologies that require network support. • Conduct comprehensive waste management studies for the entry of sizeable capacity of VREs and BESS and batteries for EVs to identify policy for proper waste disposal. The decarbonization targets are seen to increase deployment of VREs, i.e., solar and wind technologies for power generation, BESS, and batteries from EVs. This may pose concerns on waste materials from these technologies and hazard to the environment. As such, there is a need to anticipate the needed regulation for the disposal of waste and decommissioning of the power plants using Rightskill Filipinos for full participation in an innovative these technologies. and globally competitive economy that will support a Team up with DOLE, other relevant agencies, clean energy future and Energy and international development partners to Transition Program of the equip Filipino workforce to support global country. energy transition through rightskilling. The PDP 2023-2028 [NEDA, 2022] aims to equip Filipinos with skills to participate fully in an innovative and globally competitive economy that will support the clean energy future and Energy Transition Program (ETP) of the country. The PEP’s sustainable pathway creates about a million green jobs for the development of RE notwithstanding the jobs created indirectly as a spillover to other economic sectors, such as industrial, services, and agriculture. Training and rightskilling of the workforce from traditional energy sector jobs is necessary for deployment for green jobs. Further, developed economies that are ahead in implementing their decarbonization targets are also in need of a considerable workforce. With this, there is an opportunity to learn from their expertise through accreditation of our competencies, and for possible job abroad of Filipino green workforce. • Vo l u m e 1 108 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-118.pdf === Annexes Annex 1. Total Energy Consumption, By Sector, Reference Scenario (in Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) Annex 2. Total Energy Consumption, By Sector, Clean Energy Scenario - 1 (in MTOE) Annex 3. Total Energy Consumption, By Fuel, Reference Scenario (in MTOE) Annex 4. Total Energy Consumption, By Fuel, Clean Energy Scenario – 1 (in MTOE) Annex 5. Total Primary Energy Supply, Reference Scenario (in MTOE) Annex 6. Total Primary Energy Supply, Clean Energy Scenario – 1 (in MTOE) Annex 7. Total Primary Energy Supply, Clean Energy Scenario – 2 (in MTOE) Annex 8. Total Indigenous Energy Supply, Reference Scenario (in MTOE) Annex 9. Total Indigenous Energy Supply, Clean Energy Scenario -1 (in MTOE) Annex 10. Total Indigenous Energy Supply, Clean Energy Scenario - 2 (in MTOE) Annex 11. Net Imported Energy, Reference Scenario (in MTOE) Annex 12. Net Imported Energy, Clean Energy Scenario – 1 (in MTOE) Annex 13. Net Imported Energy, Clean Energy Scenario -2 (in MTOE) Annex 14. Electricity Sales Forecast, 2022-2050 (in GWh) Annex 15. Peak Demand Forecast, 2022-2050 (in MW) Annex 16. Power Generation, Reference Scenario (in Terawatt-Hour, TWh) Annex 17. Power Generation, Clean Energy Scenario - 1 (in TWh) Annex 18. Power Generation, Clean Energy Scenario - 2 (in TWh) Annex 19. Fuel Input to Power Generation, Reference Scenario (in MTOE) Annex 20. Fuel Input to Power Generation, Clean Energy Scenario - 1 (in MTOE) Annex 21. Fuel Input to Power Generation, Clean Energy Scenario - 2 (in MTOE) Annex 22. Installed Generating Capacity, Reference Scenario (in Gigawatt, GW) Annex 23. Installed Generating Capacity, Clean Energy Scenario - 1 (in GW) Annex 24. Installed Generating Capacity, Clean Energy Scenario - 2 (in GW) Annex 25. Greenhouse Gas Emission, By Fuel, Reference Scenario (in MTOE) Annex 26. Greenhouse Gas Emission, By Fuel, Clean Energy Scenario – 1 (in MTOE) Annex 27. Greenhouse Gas Emission, By Fuel, Clean Energy Scenario – 2 (in MTOE) Annex 28. Greenhouse Gas Emission, By Sector, Reference Scenario (in MTOE) Annex 29. Greenhouse Gas Emission, By Sector, Clean Energy Scenario – 1 (in MTOE) Annex 30. Greenhouse Gas Emission, By Sector, Clean Energy Scenario – 2 (in MTOE) 109 Philippine Energy Plan === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-119.pdf === 1.13 2046 1.17 2047 1.21 2048 1.26 2049 1.30 2050 1.22 Average Shares % (2022-2050) Outlook 1.08 2045 Annex 1. Total Final Energy Consumption, By Sector, Reference Scenario (In Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) Sector 1.04 2044 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 4.52 1.00 2043 3.92 0.96 2042 5.79 0.93 2041 3.70 0.89 2040 2.48 0.85 3.95 4.94 2039 4.34 0.81 5.30 2038 5.26 0.77 5.23 2037 24.40 0.73 27.44 2036 26.37 0.69 25.32 2035 24.31 0.65 23.31 2034 22.35 0.62 21.41 2033 20.51 0.58 19.63 2032 18.78 0.54 17.95 2031 17.08 0.51 16.25 2030 15.44 0.47 14.67 2029 13.93 0.44 13.22 2028 12.54 0.41 11.90 2027 11.29 0.38 10.71 2026 10.17 0.36 9.65 2025 9.15 0.36 8.67 2024 8.19 0.41 7.73 2023 7.31 Agriculture Industry 2.63 3.65 2.53 2.71 4.00 1.92 2.67 2.17 1.77 4.25 2.77 2.90 -1.02 2.11 1.13 4.36 3.66 3.49 25.01 6.75 13.38 3.79 3.79 13.16 8.25 20.75 32.18 3.86 12.70 25.74 100 3.81 20.25 2.19 19.76 25.33 90.59 12.26 2.23 11.83 24.92 88.13 19.28 2.26 11.42 24.51 85.73 18.80 2.29 11.01 24.09 83.38 18.33 2.31 10.62 23.68 81.07 17.85 2.34 17.37 23.27 78.79 10.25 2.36 9.88 22.85 76.55 16.90 2.38 9.53 22.43 74.36 16.44 2.40 9.19 22.01 72.21 16.00 2.42 8.83 21.59 70.11 15.53 2.43 8.49 21.06 68.06 15.08 2.42 8.16 20.53 65.77 14.66 2.40 7.85 20.01 63.56 14.25 2.38 7.54 19.49 61.42 13.87 2.36 7.25 18.97 59.35 13.51 2.34 6.97 18.46 57.35 13.16 2.31 6.71 17.95 55.40 12.84 2.28 6.45 17.44 53.53 12.53 2.25 6.21 16.94 51.72 12.24 2.21 5.98 16.43 49.97 11.96 2.17 5.75 15.93 48.27 11.69 2.13 5.53 15.41 46.63 11.42 2.07 5.32 14.86 45.00 11.17 2.02 5.12 14.30 43.39 10.92 1.95 4.93 13.75 41.79 10.68 1.85 4.73 13.25 40.18 10.47 Households 12.83 1.73 Services Transport 38.68 3.37 1.55 Outlook 37.31 Total Non-Energy Annex 2. Total Final Energy Consumption, By Sector, Clean Energy Scenario 1 (In Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) 13.64 24.67 1.24 2.73 1.94 3.96 4.72 2.07 3.14 5.12 2.58 1.98 3.86 4.77 3.29 3.07 0.06 2.22 2.42 3.65 4.88 5.40 2.92 -1.02 1.77 2.49 3.67 4.38 3.94 3.04 1.09 2.16 2.32 3.72 4.67 4.27 Sector 12.36 25.50 25.80 6.45 Average Average Annual Growth Rates (%) Shares % (2022-2050) '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 24.50 19.60 31.16 3.21 1.22 11.93 22.44 100 3.50 2050 19.16 1.74 1.18 11.52 23.52 22.08 82.87 2049 18.73 1.77 1.13 11.11 22.56 21.72 80.62 2048 18.31 1.79 1.09 10.72 21.63 21.36 78.42 2047 17.88 1.82 1.05 10.34 20.73 21.00 76.26 2046 17.45 1.84 1.01 9.97 19.85 20.64 74.13 2045 17.02 1.86 0.97 9.62 19.01 20.28 72.04 2044 16.59 1.88 0.94 9.28 18.18 19.92 69.98 2043 16.16 1.89 0.90 8.94 17.39 19.55 67.96 2042 15.74 1.91 0.86 8.62 16.62 19.19 65.98 2041 15.33 1.92 0.83 8.32 15.87 18.82 64.05 2040 14.93 1.93 0.79 8.02 15.15 18.46 62.15 2039 14.55 1.94 0.76 7.73 14.46 18.10 60.31 2038 14.18 1.95 0.73 7.46 13.79 17.73 58.52 2037 13.84 1.96 0.69 7.19 13.14 17.36 56.79 2036 13.50 1.96 0.66 6.94 12.52 16.99 55.09 2035 13.18 1.96 0.62 6.70 11.93 16.62 53.45 2034 12.88 1.96 0.59 6.46 11.36 16.24 51.85 2033 12.60 1.96 0.56 6.24 10.83 15.87 50.30 2032 12.33 1.95 0.52 6.02 10.32 15.49 48.80 2031 9.84 12.07 1.94 0.49 5.82 15.11 47.34 2030 9.37 11.81 1.92 0.46 5.62 14.81 45.93 2029 8.93 11.57 1.90 0.43 5.43 14.48 44.64 2028 11.33 1.88 0.40 5.24 8.50 14.13 43.35 2027 8.07 11.10 1.84 0.37 5.06 13.76 42.06 2026 7.66 10.87 1.80 0.36 4.89 13.37 40.77 2025 10.65 1.73 0.36 4.72 7.28 13.03 39.46 2024 Industry 10.46 1.67 0.41 Services 12.73 38.25 2023 Households 1.53 Agriculture Transport 37.11 Total Non-Energy Annex 3. Total Final Energy Consumption, By Fuel, Reference Scenario (In Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) 2023 2.04 2024 - 2.15 2025 - 2.27 2026 - 2.39 2027 - 2.52 2028 - 2.65 2029 - 2.78 2030 - 2.92 2031 - 3.06 2032 - 3.21 2033 - 3.36 2034 - 3.51 2035 - 3.67 2036 - 3.83 2037 - 4.00 2038 - 4.18 2039 - 4.36 2040 - 4.53 2041 - 4.69 2042 - 4.86 2043 - 5.03 2044 - 5.21 2045 - 5.38 2046 - 5.56 2047 - 5.74 2048 - 5.92 2049 - 6.10 2050 - 6.08 - 4.38 - 4.57 - 4.60 - 3.41 3.12 - 4.16 Average Average Annual Growth Rates (%) Shares % (2022-2050) '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 1.94 - 2.59 Outlook Coal - 1.75 2.37 Fuel Natural Gas 2.57 5.49 2.20 3.08 1.40 -1.19 4.12 2.58 5.06 3.37 3.67 2.72 5.90 2.90 -3.24 3.97 5.53 3.49 -0.38 4.38 2.48 0.40 0.44 5.34 3.79 50.54 0.98 0.53 0.35 0.75 28.76 3.86 43.15 35.09 100 13.19 0.34 0.74 5.16 42.13 33.49 90.59 0.33 0.73 5.51 41.15 31.95 88.13 0.33 0.72 5.84 40.19 30.46 85.73 0.32 0.71 6.13 39.25 29.02 83.38 0.32 0.70 6.38 38.35 27.63 81.07 0.31 0.69 6.59 37.47 26.29 78.79 0.31 0.68 6.76 36.61 25.00 76.55 0.30 0.67 6.90 35.77 23.76 74.36 0.30 0.66 7.01 34.96 22.57 72.21 0.29 0.65 7.10 34.15 21.43 70.11 0.28 0.64 7.17 33.17 20.28 68.06 0.28 0.62 7.23 32.20 19.18 65.77 0.27 0.61 7.28 31.26 18.13 63.56 0.26 0.59 7.32 30.34 17.13 61.42 0.26 0.58 7.35 29.44 16.18 59.35 0.25 0.56 7.38 28.56 15.27 57.35 0.24 0.55 7.40 27.70 14.41 55.40 0.24 0.53 7.41 26.86 13.59 53.53 0.23 0.52 7.43 26.04 12.81 51.72 0.23 0.50 7.44 25.23 12.08 49.97 0.22 0.49 7.45 24.44 11.38 48.27 0.21 0.47 7.45 23.62 10.73 46.63 0.21 0.45 7.45 22.78 10.12 45.00 0.20 0.43 7.44 21.92 9.55 43.39 0.19 0.42 7.41 20.99 9.05 41.79 0.19 0.40 7.38 20.11 8.61 40.18 0.18 0.39 7.33 19.27 8.26 38.68 Oil Products Bioethanol 7.27 Biodiesel Electricity 37.31 Total Biomass Annex 4. Total Final Energy Consumption, By Fuel, Clean Energy Scenario 1 (In Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) Oil Products Natural Gas Coal 0.18 19.10 - 1.92 2023 8.61 0.39 0.28 19.63 - 2.01 2024 39.48 7.38 9.06 0.40 0.38 20.15 - 2.11 2025 40.77 7.41 9.58 0.41 0.48 20.68 - 2.21 2026 42.06 7.44 10.15 0.42 0.49 21.24 - 2.32 2027 43.35 7.45 10.77 0.42 0.50 21.77 - 2.43 2028 44.64 7.45 11.43 0.43 0.51 22.26 - 2.54 2029 45.93 7.45 12.13 0.44 0.52 22.73 - 2.66 2030 47.34 7.44 12.85 0.45 0.53 23.29 - 2.78 2031 48.80 7.43 13.61 0.46 0.54 23.86 - 2.90 2032 50.30 7.41 14.41 0.47 0.55 24.44 - 3.02 2033 51.85 7.40 15.26 0.47 0.56 25.02 - 3.14 2034 53.45 7.38 16.14 0.48 0.57 25.61 - 3.27 2035 55.09 7.35 17.06 0.49 0.58 26.21 - 3.40 2036 56.79 7.32 18.03 0.50 0.59 26.82 - 3.53 2037 58.52 7.28 19.05 0.50 0.60 27.42 - 3.67 2038 60.31 7.23 20.11 0.51 0.61 28.04 - 3.81 2039 62.15 7.17 21.22 0.52 0.62 28.66 - 3.96 2040 64.05 7.10 22.36 0.52 0.63 29.32 - 4.11 2041 65.98 7.01 23.54 0.53 0.64 30.00 - 4.26 2042 67.96 6.90 24.77 0.54 0.65 30.69 - 4.42 2043 69.98 6.76 26.04 0.54 0.66 31.40 - 4.57 2044 72.04 6.59 27.36 0.55 0.67 32.14 - 4.73 2045 74.13 6.38 28.73 0.56 0.69 32.89 - 4.89 2046 76.26 6.13 30.15 0.56 0.70 33.67 - 5.05 2047 78.42 5.84 31.61 0.57 0.71 34.48 - 5.21 2048 5.51 33.13 0.57 0.72 35.31 - 5.38 2049 5.16 34.69 0.58 0.73 36.17 - 5.54 2050 100 13.85 30.56 0.89 0.94 47.68 - 6.07 3.21 0.53 5.41 0.75 19.91 2.96 - 3.78 3.14 0.40 5.58 0.93 15.07 2.77 - 3.98 3.07 -0.38 5.76 1.68 1.78 2.34 - 4.06 2.92 -3.24 5.04 1.14 1.65 2.35 - 3.41 3.04 -1.19 5.45 1.27 5.36 2.47 - 3.81 Average Average Annual Growth Rates (%) Shares % (2022-2050) '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 Biodiesel 0.39 7.33 Outlook Bioethanol 8.26 38.25 Fuel Electricity 7.27 80.62 82.87 37.11 Total Biomass 110 Vo l u m e 1 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-120.pdf === 2050 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 2049 -1.01 33.11 40.49 10.78 12.11 3.96 6.59 14.13 17.44 '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 2047 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 2046 8.37 2.84 2048 2045 2.34 0.56 2044 8.65 2043 3.04 -0.06 2042 8.20 2041 3.23 -0.09 2040 3.21 2.16 8.24 2039 5.11 2038 32.00 3.01 Outlook 9.59 2037 43.50 23.81 2036 42.48 22.28 24.82 2035 41.49 22.29 23.22 2034 21.94 2033 40.53 22.34 2032 20.17 2031 39.60 22.29 2030 18.69 2029 38.70 22.30 2028 37.82 17.27 2027 36.96 22.31 2026 36.12 15.81 2025 35.30 22.37 2023 2024 Annex 5. Total Primary Energy Supply, Reference Scenario (In Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) Energy Source 34.50 14.58 33.51 22.33 32.55 13.33 31.61 22.34 29.79 30.69 12.04 28.91 22.36 28.05 10.83 27.21 22.43 26.39 10.31 24.78 25.58 22.38 23.97 9.83 23.13 22.39 22.27 9.24 21.34 22.40 20.10 20.46 8.53 46.21 Oil 22.47 5.14 40.86 7.98 7.33 22.47 22.44 22.68 22.63 6.74 3.52 22.50 22.78 6.10 3.62 22.60 21.58 5.55 3.74 22.58 20.44 4.92 3.65 2.99 4.27 19.75 2.58 3.31 2.90 3.58 1.21 2.26 7.98 19.18 2.76 4.15 6.34 2.82 4.10 3.58 7.62 19.02 4.95 3.71 6.00 Natural Gas 14.43 34.61 6.77 Coal 18.30 49.89 5.97 5.27 17.70 49.09 6.13 4.76 17.54 48.24 5.96 9.44 17.55 47.94 5.77 6.43 0.92 16.74 45.00 5.87 10.59 16.99 44.78 5.36 10.72 16.14 42.53 4.63 6.28 10.63 15.92 41.80 4.97 5.33 10.67 16.05 41.27 5.29 8.22 15.98 40.76 4.20 8.49 16.23 39.89 4.44 7.32 13.25 35.69 4.48 7.30 13.27 34.57 4.21 7.36 13.22 33.27 4.30 7.40 13.09 32.21 3.93 4.00 3.83 6.65 13.10 31.00 3.72 6.14 3.64 13.00 3.37 5.64 3.05 12.82 28.82 30.00 3.46 3.03 4.98 12.62 28.08 2.87 2.89 4.76 12.41 27.28 2.42 3.08 2.70 12.36 2.90 2.98 2.47 11.91 11.98 24.93 25.48 26.56 11.37 23.96 2.15 2.36 10.98 22.57 2.60 2.51 2.53 10.24 2.13 1.58 2.55 9.88 21.52 22.24 2.22 2.41 1.91 1.87 10.23 1.75 1.56 21.69 1.54 1.34 Renewable 1.04 Geothermal 1.48 Hydro 1.22 0.87 2.24 -1.15 0.81 1.51 -2.96 0.87 2.58 -0.42 0.73 2.73 0.24 0.92 0.19 0.42 2.57 0.60 2.48 0.47 8.27 0.28 0.61 0.88 0.23 1.09 0.09 0.75 5.60 Wind 5.97 Solar 1.08 2.20 0.74 1.40 1.06 2.58 0.73 6.28 2.72 1.05 6.58 2027 5.31 22.05 2028 18.71 5.30 5.30 22.55 23.02 2029 18.84 18.81 5.30 23.58 2031 18.40 5.31 24.15 2032 18.76 5.30 24.72 2033 18.74 5.30 5.30 18.75 5.31 25.30 25.90 26.50 2034 18.19 18.69 5.71 27.10 2037 18.69 6.48 27.71 2038 18.68 6.49 28.32 2039 18.72 6.50 28.95 2040 18.69 6.47 29.61 2041 17.12 6.52 30.28 2042 18.70 7.41 31.00 2043 18.74 7.22 31.69 18.71 7.73 32.42 18.72 7.52 33.19 18.73 7.22 33.96 2047 17.83 10.20 34.80 2048 18.76 11.56 35.59 2049 17.82 10.61 36.46 2050 21.15 6.59 29.71 -2.20 12.56 1.78 -0.15 9.25 1.88 -0.06 2.07 2.32 -0.49 5.02 2.33 -0.24 5.13 2.20 0.72 1.03 6.82 21.53 16.70 0.71 1.02 7.05 0.70 - 2.34 7.16 1.75 1.00 - 0.69 2.57 2.70 7.28 - 0.99 2.77 3.05 0.68 - 7.39 2.77 3.28 0.97 - 0.67 0.27 3.39 7.50 - 0.96 0.35 100 0.66 - 7.56 0.34 140.50 0.94 - 0.65 0.33 137.08 7.62 - 0.92 0.33 134.01 0.64 - 7.68 0.32 130.93 0.62 - 0.90 0.32 125.59 7.70 - 0.61 0.31 123.06 0.88 - 7.75 0.31 118.52 0.59 - 0.86 0.30 115.66 7.75 - 0.83 0.30 113.06 0.58 - 0.81 0.29 110.46 7.80 - 0.56 0.28 107.65 7.81 - 0.79 0.28 101.89 0.55 - 0.77 0.27 99.33 7.83 - 0.53 0.26 96.52 7.83 - 0.75 0.26 93.91 0.52 - 0.73 0.25 91.21 7.88 - 0.50 0.24 88.72 0.71 - 7.87 0.49 0.24 86.12 7.82 - 0.47 0.23 83.98 0.68 - 7.74 0.23 81.80 0.45 - 0.66 0.22 79.69 7.72 - 0.43 0.21 77.21 0.64 - 0.61 0.21 75.21 7.83 - 0.42 0.20 72.29 7.73 - 0.59 0.19 69.01 0.40 - 8.16 0.19 66.98 0.57 - 0.39 Bioethanol 0.18 64.73 Biomass - Biofuels Biodiesel 63.64 2026 5.30 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 2.99 Total Supply Other Technologies Annex 6. Total Primary Energy Supply, Clean Energy Scenario - 1 (In Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) 20.96 17.15 '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 2025 4.28 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 20.32 17.35 2046 2024 4.28 2.22 3.49 2045 19.92 17.81 0.45 2.43 2044 2023 3.11 1.83 3.48 Outlook 19.93 19.22 4.95 4.86 2036 2.82 6.34 5.51 2035 Oil 19.01 15.86 39.45 2030 Natural Gas 16.56 52.38 Energy Source Coal 17.12 52.39 4.41 16.60 19.31 51.30 2.66 14.90 17.27 9.88 52.23 7.00 4.64 16.82 8.93 50.01 3.42 14.13 16.41 48.18 47.92 1.49 30.23 16.96 61.70 47.29 5.27 37.56 16.97 8.41 3.41 4.56 45.83 8.42 7.65 12.43 16.09 7.96 6.84 12.31 44.57 8.34 7.17 11.61 16.25 7.85 6.26 12.00 43.14 7.39 7.00 9.82 15.82 9.01 41.21 7.24 6.44 15.88 7.07 5.92 8.29 1.27 -0.89 39.64 6.81 5.12 7.68 -2.89 15.23 7.79 -0.49 37.80 6.86 4.81 1.18 14.84 6.46 4.55 6.24 1.32 36.66 5.76 4.86 4.84 9.21 14.04 4.32 6.03 34.74 5.59 4.42 6.42 13.97 3.64 6.70 33.25 5.30 4.06 7.10 13.83 3.57 7.27 32.91 4.78 3.55 7.45 13.55 3.96 2.97 3.53 7.66 31.29 3.12 7.80 13.26 4.05 2.86 7.89 30.14 2.82 8.08 13.35 3.41 2.85 8.08 30.38 3.21 2.32 2.66 8.14 13.19 3.51 1.85 2.45 8.18 29.28 2.21 8.31 13.09 3.29 1.86 8.34 27.96 2.75 1.30 2.06 8.29 12.96 2.74 1.17 1.61 8.33 27.64 2.81 1.06 1.58 8.34 12.11 2.48 0.97 0.85 8.37 26.02 0.81 8.47 11.78 2.49 0.97 8.49 25.28 0.47 8.39 10.91 2.40 0.64 8.36 10.51 0.31 8.37 22.70 23.64 2.41 0.56 8.34 10.23 Hydro 0.23 0.09 8.35 21.70 Wind 8.24 Renewable Solar 8.17 2.90 Geothermal Biomass 1.14 1.42 5.10 1.73 7.99 1.68 1.65 2.63 0.93 7.15 6.30 1.78 2.40 7.91 14.08 2.77 9.05 0.75 18.53 2.74 0.00 1.15 0.60 2.58 0.00 0.54 0.73 100 3.09 1.31 10.06 0.58 0.72 127.33 1.29 5.03 0.57 0.71 123.34 1.28 5.04 0.57 0.70 119.18 1.26 5.03 0.56 0.69 117.17 1.24 5.03 0.56 0.67 114.47 1.22 5.03 0.55 0.66 111.81 1.21 5.04 0.54 0.65 109.98 1.19 5.03 0.54 0.64 107.96 1.17 5.03 0.53 0.63 103.51 1.15 5.03 0.52 0.62 102.93 1.14 5.04 0.52 0.61 100.43 1.12 5.03 0.51 0.60 98.16 1.10 5.03 0.50 0.59 95.71 1.09 5.03 0.50 0.58 93.20 1.07 5.04 0.49 0.57 90.35 1.05 5.03 0.48 0.56 87.67 1.03 2.52 0.47 0.55 84.77 1.02 2.52 0.47 0.54 82.60 1.00 2.52 0.46 0.53 80.53 0.98 - 0.45 0.52 78.07 0.96 - 0.44 0.51 76.45 0.94 - 0.43 0.50 74.51 0.93 - 0.42 0.49 71.71 0.91 - 0.42 0.48 69.99 0.41 - 0.89 0.38 67.87 0.78 - 0.40 0.28 66.05 0.67 - 0.39 0.18 64.95 0.57 Bioethanol - 0.39 Biodiesel 63.46 Biofuels Total Supply Other Technologies 20.96 2026 16.84 4.81 21.53 2027 16.46 4.82 22.05 2028 17.24 4.81 4.81 22.55 23.02 2029 15.93 16.67 4.81 23.58 2031 15.02 4.82 24.15 2032 4.81 24.72 2033 14.68 4.81 13.89 4.81 3.91 12.80 14.05 4.82 25.30 25.88 26.53 2034 3.47 12.87 32.63 34.28 33.48 34.63 15.23 4.02 13.67 4.45 12.76 35.87 14.16 5.04 27.10 2037 5.07 13.36 37.85 14.30 5.18 27.70 2038 5.19 13.53 39.00 15.12 5.08 28.32 2039 5.93 13.56 39.76 17.05 5.74 28.95 2040 6.66 14.05 42.36 17.03 4.93 29.61 2041 6.51 14.09 43.43 16.05 5.46 30.31 2042 6.59 14.90 44.82 15.59 6.93 31.01 7.02 15.20 46.57 16.68 6.49 31.69 6.96 15.65 47.40 16.07 8.34 32.45 7.41 16.19 50.20 16.17 6.95 33.19 8.04 16.70 51.60 17.18 7.89 33.96 2047 7.32 15.19 50.04 15.84 10.60 34.87 2048 7.28 14.88 51.39 15.97 10.04 35.68 2049 6.96 14.79 52.05 16.13 7.62 36.46 2050 5.12 15.41 40.68 19.35 6.15 30.59 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 1.49 6.34 5.72 -2.43 10.76 1.78 '22-'28 3.38 4.93 5.36 -2.23 7.93 1.88 '22-'30 6.12 0.29 2.71 0.68 1.79 2.32 1.61 0.87 2.73 -0.55 2.87 2.33 1.81 3.47 -0.60 3.90 2.20 Annex 7. Total Primary Energy Supply, Clean Energy Scenario - 2 (In Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) 2025 3.88 31.49 3.40 13.53 4.00 4.44 5.04 5.79 6.70 7.22 7.80 8.63 8.20 9.71 10.67 11.16 11.82 11.96 13.70 14.54 15.51 17.72 18.95 9.41 2.39 7.17 1.32 37.56 66.94 1.17 31.35 56.28 -0.48 7.46 10.03 -3.06 3.71 8.74 -0.94 12.37 21.12 3.71 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 20.32 16.97 31.27 3.16 13.31 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 2024 3.88 28.68 30.43 3.46 13.34 3.52 4.10 2046 19.92 18.11 3.27 13.17 3.15 5.93 2045 2023 3.11 27.98 2.75 13.10 2.07 3.93 2044 19.93 19.22 26.37 2.74 12.96 1.92 6.29 2043 2.82 25.62 2.80 12.11 1.21 4.14 Outlook Oil 19.01 23.78 2.49 11.79 1.14 6.61 2036 Natural Gas 22.70 2.49 10.92 0.59 7.10 3.96 2035 Coal 21.70 2.40 10.51 0.31 7.22 4.43 2030 Renewable 2.41 10.23 Energy Source Geothermal 0.09 7.41 4.20 Hydro Wind 7.64 3.68 1.27 2.90 7.73 1.42 7.99 3.24 1.14 3.11 1.73 1.65 7.87 6.30 1.78 1.68 2.48 2.71 0.93 7.15 8.08 7.91 14.08 2.39 2.85 0.75 2.67 9.05 8.09 1.18 18.53 2.36 0.00 2.43 0.62 0.56 2.48 0.00 8.09 1.31 3.22 8.14 0.73 0.58 96.78 2.37 1.29 10.06 8.11 0.72 0.57 122.32 2.25 1.28 5.03 8.15 0.71 0.57 118.11 2.00 1.26 5.04 2.14 0.70 0.56 116.39 8.15 1.24 5.03 2.21 0.69 0.56 115.67 8.31 1.22 5.03 1.93 0.67 0.55 111.53 8.31 1.21 5.03 1.64 0.66 0.54 109.29 8.37 1.19 5.04 1.51 1.17 0.65 0.54 106.47 8.47 0.53 5.03 1.39 1.15 0.64 103.39 8.49 0.52 5.03 1.43 0.63 100.28 8.40 1.14 5.03 1.06 0.62 0.52 98.97 8.36 1.12 5.04 0.97 0.61 0.51 96.55 8.37 5.03 0.97 92.56 8.35 5.03 0.64 90.06 5.10 5.03 8.36 83.09 85.08 87.19 8.24 0.47 2.52 0.56 1.00 0.55 81.60 8.17 0.46 2.52 0.23 0.98 0.54 79.91 Solar 0.96 0.45 2.52 Biomass 0.94 0.53 78.00 1.10 0.93 - 1.09 0.91 0.52 0.44 76.33 1.07 0.89 - 1.05 0.78 0.51 0.43 74.19 1.03 0.67 0.42 - 1.02 0.57 0.50 73.29 Biofuels 0.42 - 0.60 0.49 71.31 0.50 0.41 - 0.59 0.48 69.55 0.50 0.40 - 0.49 0.38 67.44 0.58 0.39 - 0.57 0.28 66.21 0.48 0.18 0.39 - 0.47 Bioethanol 64.95 0.56 Biodiesel - 5.04 63.46 5.03 Total Supply Other Technologies Philippine Energy Plan 111 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-121.pdf === Annex 8. Total Indigenous Energy Supply, Reference Scenario (In Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) Energy Source Outlook Average Average Annual Growth Rates (%) -1.98 -5.34 0.50 0.00 '22-'50 0.00 0.50 0.00 '40-'50 0.50 -9.84 0.50 0.50 6.12 -17.47 '30-'40 (2022-2050) 0.94 8.23 -25.39 '22-'28 '22-'30 1.99 Shares % 0.41 18.25 2050 0.56 10.72 0.41 4.36 2049 0.56 10.63 0.41 4.36 2048 0.56 10.67 0.41 4.36 2047 0.56 8.22 0.40 4.36 2046 0.56 8.49 0.40 4.36 2045 0.56 7.32 0.40 4.36 2044 0.56 7.30 0.40 4.36 2043 0.56 7.36 0.40 4.36 2042 0.56 7.40 0.39 4.36 2041 0.56 6.65 0.39 4.36 2040 0.56 6.14 0.39 4.36 2039 0.56 5.64 0.39 4.36 2038 0.56 4.98 0.39 4.36 2037 0.56 2.58 3.31 0.38 4.36 1.21 2.27 2036 0.56 2.76 4.15 0.38 4.36 4.10 3.58 2035 0.56 4.95 3.71 4.76 -1.01 4.00 12.15 3.64 0.38 4.36 32.89 78.83 2034 0.56 18.30 49.35 3.05 0.38 4.36 17.70 48.56 2033 0.56 17.54 47.72 3.08 0.38 4.36 17.55 47.42 2032 0.56 16.74 44.50 2.98 0.37 12.27 16.99 44.28 2031 0.56 16.14 42.05 2.70 0.37 12.27 15.92 41.32 2030 0.56 16.05 40.80 2.47 0.37 12.27 15.98 40.31 2029 0.56 16.23 39.45 2.36 0.37 12.27 13.25 35.26 2028 0.45 13.27 34.15 2.51 0.37 12.27 13.22 32.87 2027 1.12 13.09 31.83 1.58 0.36 12.27 13.10 30.63 2026 3.04 13.00 29.65 0.36 12.46 12.82 28.48 2025 3.04 12.62 27.75 0.36 12.26 12.41 26.97 2024 0.01 12.36 26.26 0.36 11.77 11.91 25.20 2023 0.01 11.98 24.67 Oil 11.90 11.37 23.72 Natural Gas Coal 10.98 22.34 2.53 5.27 10.24 22.02 2.55 4.76 9.88 21.32 2.41 9.44 10.23 21.51 0.92 Renewable 14.13 17.44 10.59 Geothermal 3.96 6.59 Hydro 12.11 1.43 -1.15 10.78 1.06 -2.96 33.11 1.42 -0.42 40.49 1.89 0.24 46.21 0.19 2.67 0.00 40.86 2.05 0.00 7.26 1.13 18.41 0.00 - 1.75 6.98 0.55 5.60 0.00 - 2.57 7.98 5.97 0.00 - 3.94 6.34 0.55 0.50 - 4.34 7.62 6.28 0.21 - 0.63 6.00 0.54 0.21 - 0.35 6.77 0.21 - 0.34 5.97 0.33 6.13 0.53 6.58 - 5.96 0.53 6.82 0.21 53.04 5.77 7.05 - 0.33 6.43 0.52 0.21 52.75 5.87 0.21 - 0.32 5.36 7.16 0.32 4.63 0.52 - 6.28 0.21 49.60 4.97 0.31 5.33 0.51 7.28 - 5.29 0.21 47.37 4.20 0.51 7.39 0.31 4.44 7.50 - 4.48 0.50 0.21 46.64 4.21 7.56 0.30 4.30 0.50 - 3.93 7.62 0.21 46.12 3.83 0.49 - 0.30 3.72 7.68 0.21 45.62 3.37 0.48 0.21 - 0.29 3.46 7.70 0.28 3.03 0.48 - 2.87 7.75 0.21 40.57 2.89 0.47 - 0.28 2.42 7.75 0.21 39.46 2.90 0.46 0.27 2.15 7.80 - 2.60 0.46 0.21 38.17 2.13 7.81 0.26 2.22 0.45 - 1.91 7.83 0.21 37.13 1.87 0.44 - 0.26 1.75 7.83 0.21 35.93 1.56 0.44 0.21 - 0.25 1.54 7.88 0.24 1.34 0.43 - 1.04 7.87 0.21 33.78 1.48 0.43 - 0.24 1.22 7.82 0.21 40.96 0.87 0.42 0.21 - 0.23 0.81 7.74 0.23 0.87 0.41 - 0.73 7.72 0.21 39.47 0.92 0.41 - 0.22 0.42 7.83 0.21 38.41 0.60 0.40 0.21 0.47 7.73 - 0.28 0.39 0.21 37.75 0.23 8.16 0.21 0.09 0.39 0.21 - Wind Biomass 0.21 37.48 Solar Biofuels 0.21 - 0.20 2031 0.56 0.38 2032 0.56 0.38 2033 0.56 0.38 2034 0.56 0.38 2035 0.56 0.38 2036 0.56 0.39 2037 0.56 0.39 2038 0.56 0.39 2039 0.56 0.39 2040 0.56 0.39 2041 0.56 0.40 2042 0.56 0.40 2043 0.56 0.40 2044 0.56 0.40 2045 0.56 0.40 2046 0.56 0.41 2047 0.56 0.41 2048 0.56 0.41 2049 0.56 0.41 2050 1.81 (2022-2050) 0.83 Shares % 100 -25.39 0.50 '22-'28 3.66 -17.47 0.50 '22-'30 0.00 0.50 '30-'40 0.00 0.50 '40-'50 0.50 '22-'50 12.26 25.08 12.46 25.81 12.27 2.74 12.96 27.43 12.27 1.61 2.75 13.09 27.73 12.27 2.06 3.29 13.19 29.05 12.27 2.21 3.51 13.35 30.14 12.27 2.45 3.21 13.26 29.89 12.27 2.66 3.41 13.55 31.03 4.36 2.82 4.05 13.83 32.64 4.36 3.12 3.96 13.97 32.98 4.36 3.53 4.78 14.04 34.46 4.36 3.57 5.30 14.84 36.37 4.36 3.64 5.59 15.23 37.50 4.36 4.32 5.76 15.88 39.34 4.36 4.84 6.46 15.82 40.90 4.36 6.24 6.86 16.25 42.82 4.36 7.79 6.81 16.09 44.24 4.36 7.68 7.07 16.97 45.50 4.36 8.29 7.24 16.96 46.95 4.36 9.01 7.39 16.41 47.58 4.36 9.82 7.85 16.82 49.66 4.36 12.00 8.34 17.27 51.87 4.36 11.61 7.96 16.60 50.94 4.36 12.31 8.42 17.12 52.03 4.36 12.43 8.41 16.56 52.01 4.36 8.79 10.10 30.16 74.66 16.65 61.70 1.49 6.34 5.56 8.23 48.18 3.42 4.95 4.90 6.12 8.93 7.00 1.83 3.48 -9.84 9.88 2.66 0.45 2.43 0.00 4.41 2.22 3.50 -1.98 -5.34 Energy Source 23.45 12.11 1.58 2.12 0.37 - 0.21 38.20 2030 0.56 Bioethanol 0.19 0.37 2.02 - 2029 0.56 1.27 37.68 0.37 3.31 0.19 2028 0.56 11.77 2.81 54.68 - 0.37 22.51 11.78 0.85 53.89 33.45 2027 0.45 11.90 10.91 0.81 2.48 49.82 0.18 2026 1.12 0.37 21.52 10.51 0.47 2.49 44.76 - 0.36 34.95 33.77 2025 3.04 40.17 Total Supply 0.36 Biodiesel Other Technologies 2024 3.04 Coal 10.23 0.31 2.40 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 2023 0.01 0.36 Renewable 2.41 Average 0.01 0.36 Annex 9. Total Indigenous Energy Supply, Clean Energy Scenario – 1 (In Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) Oil Geothermal 0.09 Outlook Natural Gas Hydro 7.10 6.26 0.91 6.70 7.17 0.92 6.42 6.84 0.94 6.03 7.65 1.60 17.44 6.57 1.32 37.56 8.74 1.18 30.23 1.30 -0.49 14.13 1.26 -2.89 4.64 3.36 -0.89 14.90 19.31 Wind 0.90 11.37 7.27 5.45 0.00 7.00 0.89 0.00 7.99 7.45 1.65 2.88 6.44 0.88 0.00 7.15 7.66 0.00 1.78 2.78 5.92 0.87 15.38 1.95 9.05 5.12 0.00 - 7.80 20.34 4.19 0.86 0.45 - 4.81 0.21 1.15 4.89 7.89 0.73 100 6.04 0.85 0.21 10.06 4.55 0.72 67.40 0.84 0.21 5.03 8.08 0.71 62.38 4.86 0.21 5.04 0.83 0.70 61.31 8.08 0.21 5.03 8.14 0.69 62.23 4.42 0.21 5.03 0.82 0.67 60.01 8.18 0.81 0.21 5.03 4.06 0.66 57.93 8.31 0.21 5.04 3.55 0.80 0.65 57.31 2.97 0.21 5.03 0.79 0.64 55.84 8.34 0.21 5.03 0.78 0.63 54.59 8.29 0.21 5.03 2.86 0.62 53.16 0.77 0.21 5.04 2.85 0.61 51.25 8.33 0.21 5.03 0.76 0.60 49.67 2.32 0.21 5.03 8.34 0.59 47.84 1.85 0.21 5.03 0.75 0.58 46.70 8.37 0.21 5.04 1.86 0.57 44.81 0.74 0.21 5.03 8.47 0.56 43.31 1.30 0.21 2.52 0.73 0.55 40.46 8.49 0.21 2.52 1.17 0.54 38.85 0.72 0.21 2.52 8.39 0.53 45.63 0.71 0.21 - 1.06 0.52 43.35 8.36 0.21 - 0.97 0.51 42.26 8.37 0.21 - 0.70 0.50 40.94 0.97 0.21 - 0.69 0.49 40.51 8.34 0.21 - 8.35 0.48 39.57 0.64 0.21 - 0.58 0.48 0.38 40.94 8.24 0.21 - 0.56 0.39 0.28 39.11 8.17 0.21 - 0.23 0.18 34.64 Solar Bioethanol - Biomass Biodiesel 33.79 Biofuels Total Supply 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 0.56 0.40 2044 0.56 0.40 2045 0.56 0.40 2046 0.56 0.41 2047 0.56 0.41 2048 0.56 0.41 2049 0.56 0.41 2050 1.81 (2022-2050) 0.83 Shares % -25.39 0.50 '22-'28 -17.47 0.50 '22-'30 0.00 0.50 '30-'40 0.00 0.50 '40-'50 0.50 '22-'50 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 2026 0.56 0.40 Average 2025 0.56 0.40 Outlook Other Technologies Annex 10. Total Indigenous Energy Supply, Clean Energy Scenario – 2 (In Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) 2024 0.56 0.39 Energy Source 2023 0.56 0.39 -5.34 0.56 0.39 1.81 -1.98 0.56 0.00 0.39 -9.84 0.56 6.12 0.39 8.23 0.56 16.56 0.38 4.36 0.56 4.36 0.38 4.36 0.56 4.36 0.38 4.36 0.56 4.36 0.38 4.36 0.56 4.36 0.38 4.36 0.37 4.36 0.56 4.36 3.48 0.37 4.36 0.87 2.74 0.56 4.36 2.71 0.37 4.36 0.29 0.56 4.36 4.93 5.40 0.37 4.36 5.77 0.45 4.36 6.34 1.12 4.36 28.41 74.73 0.37 12.27 14.79 51.67 0.36 12.27 14.88 51.02 3.04 12.27 15.19 49.68 0.36 12.27 16.70 51.25 3.04 12.27 16.19 49.85 0.01 12.27 15.65 47.06 0.36 12.46 15.20 46.23 0.01 12.26 14.90 44.49 0.36 11.77 14.09 43.10 Oil 11.90 14.05 42.04 Natural Gas Coal 13.56 39.45 3.71 13.53 21.12 38.69 1.61 12.37 13.36 6.12 8.74 37.55 3.38 10.03 12.76 1.49 56.28 35.58 9.51 66.94 12.80 6.96 13.43 34.35 7.28 18.95 12.87 7.32 17.72 33.20 8.04 15.51 13.67 7.41 14.54 34.02 6.96 13.70 13.53 7.02 11.96 32.37 6.59 11.82 13.31 6.51 11.16 31.24 6.66 10.67 13.34 5.93 9.71 31.03 5.19 8.20 13.17 5.07 8.63 30.20 4.45 7.80 13.10 3.91 7.22 28.46 3.47 6.70 12.96 4.02 5.79 27.76 3.40 5.04 12.11 3.16 4.44 26.16 3.46 4.00 11.79 3.27 3.52 25.42 2.75 3.15 10.92 2.74 2.07 23.59 2.80 1.92 10.51 2.49 1.21 22.51 2.49 1.14 10.23 2.40 0.59 -0.94 21.52 2.41 0.31 3.71 Renewable Hydro 0.09 -3.06 Geothermal Wind 7.46 5.45 3.36 -0.48 1.26 0.00 1.17 1.30 1.65 0.00 31.35 8.74 1.78 0.00 7.15 1.32 0.00 3.02 37.56 11.37 15.38 1.39 9.05 4.46 0.00 - 17.32 1.59 20.34 4.54 4.10 0.94 1.15 0.45 - 5.93 0.21 5.03 3.93 0.92 0.73 100 6.08 6.29 0.21 10.06 4.14 0.72 67.06 6.61 0.91 5.03 7.10 0.90 0.71 0.21 61.38 3.96 0.21 5.04 7.22 0.89 0.70 60.05 4.43 0.21 5.03 7.41 0.88 0.69 61.60 4.20 0.21 5.03 7.64 0.87 0.67 60.20 3.68 0.21 5.03 7.73 0.86 0.66 57.41 3.24 0.21 5.04 3.11 0.85 0.65 56.60 7.87 0.21 5.03 2.71 0.84 0.64 54.84 8.08 0.21 5.03 2.85 0.83 0.63 53.45 8.09 0.21 5.03 2.43 0.62 52.38 8.09 0.82 5.04 8.14 0.81 0.61 0.21 49.81 2.37 0.21 5.03 8.11 0.80 0.60 49.03 2.25 0.21 5.03 8.15 0.79 0.59 47.89 2.00 0.21 5.03 2.14 0.78 0.58 45.91 8.15 0.21 5.04 2.21 0.77 0.57 44.70 8.31 0.21 5.03 1.93 0.76 0.56 43.53 8.31 0.21 2.52 1.64 0.75 0.55 41.83 8.37 0.21 2.52 1.51 0.74 0.54 40.18 8.47 0.21 2.52 1.39 0.73 0.53 46.97 8.49 0.21 - 1.43 0.52 44.24 8.40 0.72 - 1.06 0.71 0.51 0.21 43.40 8.36 0.21 - 0.97 0.70 0.50 41.66 8.37 0.21 - 0.97 0.69 0.49 40.84 8.35 0.21 - 0.64 0.58 0.48 39.92 8.36 0.21 - 8.24 0.48 0.38 41.29 0.56 0.21 - 8.17 0.28 39.25 0.23 0.39 - Solar 0.18 0.21 34.64 Biomass Bioethanol - Biofuels Biodiesel 33.79 2.86 7.99 Total Supply Other Technologies 112 Vo l u m e 1 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-122.pdf === Annex 11. Net Imported Energy, Reference Scenario (in Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) 2035 2037 Outlook 2036 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 2048 2049 2050 Average Shares % (2022-2050) Average Annual Growth Rates (%) '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 2042 2032 2041 2031 2040 2030 2039 2029 2038 2028 2034 2027 2033 2026 2.88 2025 8.30 2024 2.36 2023 8.98 Energy Source 3.07 1.62 8.94 3.33 5.62 -0.08 3.69 3.28 5.73 3.16 2.00 1.77 4.08 3.26 -1.24 4.57 13.95 4.08 57.45 -1.40 3.25 24.26 27.91 3.13 3.44 43.09 17.93 100 0.69 42.07 0.54 22.66 17.93 85.81 41.09 0.53 21.38 17.98 83.20 19.61 0.52 40.13 17.94 80.97 18.12 0.51 39.20 17.94 78.19 16.71 0.50 38.29 17.95 75.77 15.24 0.49 37.42 18.01 73.45 14.02 0.48 36.56 17.97 71.15 12.77 0.47 35.73 17.99 69.02 11.47 0.46 34.91 18.00 66.95 34.11 0.45 10.27 18.07 64.84 9.75 0.44 33.13 18.02 62.89 9.26 0.43 32.17 18.03 61.33 8.68 0.42 31.23 18.04 59.87 7.97 0.40 30.31 18.11 58.35 7.42 0.39 29.41 18.08 56.78 6.77 0.37 28.53 18.11 55.28 6.18 0.36 27.67 18.15 53.77 5.53 0.34 26.83 10.32 52.34 4.99 0.33 26.01 10.31 43.02 4.36 0.31 25.21 10.35 41.62 3.71 0.30 24.41 10.40 40.22 3.07 0.28 23.60 10.52 38.80 2.50 0.26 22.76 9.30 37.46 0.70 0.25 21.90 7.98 34.81 0.61 0.23 20.98 7.49 30.81 3.57 0.21 20.10 7.41 29.30 2.81 0.20 19.74 7.12 31.28 Oil 0.19 Natural Gas Coal 29.86 Total Net Import Bioethanol 2025 1.24 20.60 2026 4.18 21.16 2027 4.86 21.68 2028 4.74 22.18 2029 4.74 22.65 2030 4.74 23.20 2031 4.75 23.77 2032 4.74 24.35 2033 4.74 24.93 2034 4.74 25.52 2035 4.75 26.11 2036 5.15 26.72 2037 5.91 27.32 2038 5.92 27.93 2039 5.94 28.56 2040 5.91 29.22 2041 5.96 29.88 2042 6.85 30.60 2043 6.66 31.29 2044 7.16 32.02 2045 6.96 32.79 2046 6.66 33.56 2047 9.64 34.39 2048 11.00 35.19 2049 10.05 36.05 2050 11.07 62.01 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 11.56 1.81 6.73 1.90 2.29 2.35 5.40 2.36 4.83 2.22 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 2024 1.24 19.96 7.46 26.94 0.19 5.55 26.93 0.20 4.89 30.42 0.21 4.87 31.20 0.22 4.43 33.57 0.23 6.43 34.19 0.23 6.57 34.72 0.24 6.54 34.90 0.25 6.12 43.75 0.26 14.41 44.31 0.27 14.38 44.36 0.28 13.83 45.54 0.28 14.39 46.49 0.29 14.34 47.87 0.30 14.33 48.49 0.31 14.32 49.17 0.31 14.37 49.77 0.32 14.33 48.93 0.32 12.76 52.12 0.33 14.34 52.67 0.34 14.39 53.88 0.34 14.36 54.46 0.35 14.37 54.95 0.36 14.38 57.86 0.36 13.47 60.96 0.37 14.40 59.93 0.37 13.47 100 0.65 26.28 0.03 0.21 -14.64 1.17 0.87 -6.71 3.70 3.00 8.14 2.00 1.83 -0.64 1.97 0.58 Outlook 2023 3.11 19.56 Annex 12. Net Imported Energy, Clean Energy Scenario – 1 (in Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) 2.81 19.57 0.19 '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 Oil 7.10 30.31 Energy Source Natural Gas Coal 0.18 2.37 29.67 Total Net Import Bioethanol Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 5.28 1.90 13.26 2.01 2.35 1.69 1.83 -0.75 3.14 2.36 0.10 3.47 2.22 Outlook Annex 13. Net Imported Energy, Clean Energy Scenario – 2 (in Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) 1.81 -13.30 3.00 '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 9.22 4.27 65.73 -15.41 0.87 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 10.52 -0.14 36.05 23.08 0.21 2050 7.06 -0.36 35.27 11.78 100 0.69 2049 9.48 0.37 34.46 11.62 55.26 2048 0.37 33.56 11.49 10.04 56.73 2047 7.32 0.36 32.79 12.83 56.34 2046 6.38 0.36 32.05 11.81 54.06 2045 7.77 0.35 31.29 11.71 51.33 2044 5.93 0.34 30.62 12.32 51.88 2043 6.37 0.34 29.92 11.23 49.88 2042 4.90 0.33 29.22 11.69 48.55 2041 4.37 0.32 28.56 12.68 46.83 2040 5.18 0.32 27.94 12.69 46.58 2039 4.51 0.31 27.32 10.77 46.75 2038 0.31 26.71 9.94 4.62 43.52 2037 4.47 0.30 26.14 9.80 42.17 2036 0.29 25.50 9.69 4.26 41.28 2035 0.28 24.92 9.53 4.25 40.38 2034 4.25 0.28 24.35 10.33 39.56 2033 4.25 0.27 23.77 10.87 39.77 2032 0.26 23.20 2.75 4.26 39.72 2031 4.25 0.25 22.65 4.39 31.03 2030 4.25 0.24 22.18 3.65 32.09 2029 0.23 21.68 4.97 4.25 30.78 2028 0.23 21.16 4.19 4.37 31.62 2027 0.22 20.60 4.57 3.69 30.47 2026 0.21 20.07 4.51 0.84 29.63 2025 0.20 19.56 5.86 0.84 26.15 2024 3.11 0.19 19.57 7.46 26.96 2023 0.19 Energy Source 7.10 2.81 30.31 Oil Natural Gas 0.18 2.07 1.97 Coal 29.67 Total Net Import Bioethanol Philippine Energy Plan 113 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-123.pdf === Annex 14. Electricity Sales Forecast, 2022-2050, in GWh Annex 15. Peak Demand Forecast, 2022-2050, in MW REF Year CES Philippines Luzon Visayas Mindanao Philippines Luzon Final Peak Demand Year Visayas Mindanao Philippines Luzon Visayas Mindanao 11,640 2,252 2,144 2021 87,417 64,420 11,555 11,442 87,417 64,420 11,555 11,442 2021 16,036 2022 91,333 67,536 11,866 11,931 91,333 67,536 11,866 11,931 2022 16,596 12,113 2,316 2,167 2023 96,075 70,952 12,537 12,586 96,040 70,903 12,537 12,600 2023 17,338 12,559 2,464 2,315 2024 100,155 73,780 13,127 13,249 100,182 73,745 13,141 13,296 2024 18,056 13,092 2,538 2,425 2025 105,220 77,286 13,896 14,038 105,345 77,291 13,931 14,124 2025 19,003 13,728 2,687 2,588 2026 111,109 81,377 14,832 14,900 111,366 81,428 14,893 15,045 2026 20,097 14,466 2,864 2,766 2027 117,653 85,927 15,900 15,826 118,041 86,025 15,988 16,028 2027 21,291 15,274 3,063 2,954 2028 124,797 90,901 17,085 16,811 125,302 91,024 17,199 17,078 2028 22,582 16,149 3,280 3,153 2029 132,399 96,183 18,358 17,858 132,973 96,293 18,491 18,188 2029 23,944 17,070 3,511 3,363 2030 140,459 101,777 19,710 18,973 141,039 101,825 19,853 19,361 2030 25,376 18,038 3,753 3,585 2031 149,027 107,735 21,148 20,145 149,485 107,650 21,280 20,555 2031 26,765 18,985 3,990 3,790 2032 158,062 114,024 22,664 21,375 158,332 113,756 22,775 21,801 2032 28,224 19,982 4,238 4,004 2033 167,588 120,660 24,259 22,670 167,637 120,174 24,346 23,117 2033 29,757 21,031 4,496 4,229 2034 177,624 127,655 25,934 24,036 177,417 126,922 25,992 24,503 2034 31,367 22,134 4,766 4,467 2035 188,188 135,023 27,689 25,476 187,694 134,016 27,714 25,964 2035 33,056 23,293 5,047 4,717 2036 199,260 142,766 29,526 26,968 198,439 141,449 29,512 27,478 2036 34,821 24,506 5,340 4,975 25,778 5,643 5,245 2037 210,870 150,901 31,445 28,524 209,678 149,236 31,388 29,054 2037 36,666 2038 223,045 159,444 33,450 30,150 221,505 157,436 33,354 30,714 2038 38,606 27,116 5,961 5,529 2039 235,809 168,407 35,544 31,857 233,863 166,011 35,402 32,450 2039 40,634 28,516 6,291 5,827 2040 249,186 177,810 37,729 33,647 246,816 175,005 37,539 34,272 2040 42,759 29,984 6,634 6,140 2041 262,514 187,196 39,908 35,411 260,044 184,269 39,712 36,064 2041 44,936 31,496 6,985 6,455 2042 276,378 196,978 42,166 37,234 273,781 193,913 41,960 37,909 2042 47,196 33,069 7,347 6,780 2043 290,798 207,169 44,506 39,123 288,048 203,944 44,286 39,818 2043 49,542 34,705 7,720 7,117 2044 305,794 217,779 46,929 41,086 302,863 214,374 46,692 41,797 2044 51,977 36,405 8,106 7,466 2045 321,381 228,817 49,436 43,127 318,241 225,211 49,178 43,852 2045 54,503 38,172 8,503 7,828 2046 337,524 240,280 52,027 45,218 334,150 236,450 51,745 45,954 2046 57,115 40,003 8,913 8,198 9,335 8,579 2047 354,247 252,176 54,703 47,367 350,610 248,103 54,394 48,113 2047 59,816 41,902 2048 371,567 264,516 57,467 49,583 367,640 260,177 57,127 50,336 2048 62,609 43,869 9,770 8,970 2049 389,499 277,307 60,319 51,873 385,254 272,680 59,944 52,630 2049 65,497 45,906 10,218 9,374 2050 408,057 290,557 63,260 54,240 403,465 285,619 62,847 54,999 2050 68,483 48,014 10,678 9,791 Vo l u m e 1 114 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-124.pdf === Annex 16. Power Generation, Reference Scenario (In Terawatt-Hour, TWh) 2031 1.07 2032 76.02 43.11 1.07 75.30 46.88 1.07 2034 74.58 51.04 1.06 2035 74.06 54.58 1.06 2036 73.14 59.10 1.07 2037 72.42 62.86 1.06 71.69 65.97 1.06 2039 71.17 69.26 1.06 2040 70.25 76.99 1.06 2041 69.53 85.29 1.06 2042 68.81 93.24 1.07 2043 68.28 101.11 1.07 67.37 110.49 1.06 66.65 119.53 1.06 65.93 129.01 1.06 65.39 140.37 1.07 64.49 148.55 1.07 63.77 158.76 1.06 2050 2030 1.07 76.95 38.99 2049 2029 1.07 77.46 35.49 2048 1.07 78.18 31.48 2047 2028 27.30 2046 2027 1.07 78.90 2045 1.07 79.84 22.54 2044 2026 23.17 2038 1.07 75.58 Outlook 1.07 71.46 23.95 2033 1.07 68.95 23.38 2025 2.55 66.78 22.90 2024 18.04 2023 66.42 Energy Source Natural Gas Oil Coal 21.29 0.69 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 3.11 3.93 -13.33 '22-'28 2.06 7.32 -10.18 '22-'30 -0.94 8.20 -0.03 '30-'40 -1.09 8.65 -0.01 '40-'50 -0.15 8.11 -3.03 '22-'50 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 35.85 23.40 2.58 8.30 5.16 1.21 4.75 4.76 2.76 9.28 9.44 4.10 11.65 0.55 4.95 -1.49 11.88 7.93 7.26 40.06 - 16.11 41.30 230.23 5.42 14.13 41.80 20.58 222.10 9.80 10.65 -0.47 41.45 20.40 211.11 20.41 203.81 40.49 - 1.48 3.96 41.60 19.47 194.54 - -1.15 10.78 32.07 19.76 184.73 46.21 33.11 33.10 18.77 175.27 10.63 - -2.01 28.55 18.52 167.81 67.49 1.66 -5.18 40.86 28.47 18.67 158.70 70.65 25.27 0.59 12.10 28.71 18.58 152.25 60.63 18.02 1.16 73.72 28.87 18.88 144.82 53.30 18.07 1.21 69.83 25.95 15.41 130.59 60.47 18.02 1.17 69.39 23.93 15.43 120.86 54.76 14.27 1.21 69.26 22.00 15.37 111.26 62.46 13.53 1.18 67.09 19.42 15.22 101.87 51.46 10.54 1.25 62.33 18.56 15.24 93.60 50.98 10.51 1.05 53.90 15.61 15.12 85.61 41.08 10.51 1.00 57.84 14.21 14.91 78.43 39.81 10.51 1.01 48.82 11.89 14.67 71.70 40.11 9.19 1.06 52.15 12.03 14.43 65.54 39.85 5.63 1.00 49.99 11.64 14.38 59.62 32.18 3.38 1.02 44.49 10.53 13.86 53.88 30.65 3.00 1.03 39.16 9.64 13.93 48.40 28.11 3.01 1.00 40.28 9.22 13.22 43.42 25.05 1.04 33.39 9.80 12.77 38.93 0.97 33.67 6.16 11.91 34.87 1.04 30.18 9.86 11.49 31.27 1.02 25.82 9.96 11.89 27.37 1.03 22.21 9.41 Geothermal 1.00 20.30 Hydro Renewable 1.12 17.96 - - 0.42 231.57 0.33 244.56 0.43 257.20 0.53 269.31 0.47 286.31 0.55 300.56 0.36 314.59 0.85 330.93 - 1.19 345.72 - 1.65 363.65 - 1.49 381.78 - 1.46 399.81 - 0.96 417.93 - 1.17 436.19 - 1.02 453.81 - - 100 - -8.90 5.28 0.00 -0.65 5.44 0.00 21.84 5.33 0.00 8.15 4.71 0.00 5.14 0.00 24.79 9.44 1.09 17.23 0.44 220.29 21.76 8.48 0.96 14.23 0.51 208.85 18.16 4.90 0.78 10.17 0.59 198.63 15.63 3.29 0.80 10.71 12.07 1.09 1.19 7.02 10.06 Onshore Wind 1.06 5.45 0.23 188.70 - Offshore Wind 2.32 2.65 0.05 179.56 - Solar 0.06 170.35 - 0.12 161.15 - 0.04 151.85 - 0.01 143.23 - 0.01 135.40 11.00 0.03 128.26 - 122.02 0.07 114.39 - Biomass Total Generation Nuclear and Other Technologies BESS Average Annual Growth Rates (%) -3.69 '22-'50 Annex 17. Power Generation, Clean Energy Scenario - 1 (In Terawatt-Hour, TWh) Average Shares % (2022-2050) - '40-'50 Outlook - '30-'40 Energy Source -12.32 '22-'30 12.65 37.63 56.52 16.49 39.83 52.93 26.06 46.54 55.99 36.79 53.78 59.52 36.79 52.56 68.87 43.43 53.02 74.88 50.93 53.83 81.45 53.66 60.53 72.80 68.22 71.38 83.37 68.79 66.27 79.53 73.58 69.54 88.99 74.73 69.80 13.41 6.35 11.04 37.56 - 49.55 9.90 30.23 - 41.20 5.16 9.05 -1.38 14.13 7.96 9.36 12.18 4.75 7.15 -0.50 4.64 16.31 5.77 19.60 5.06 7.99 2.04 14.90 - 16.25 4.88 -16.08 '22-'28 32.76 51.43 0.00 29.34 5.02 0.62 9.58 10.58 5.32 2.07 16.84 31.96 47.19 0.00 16.79 8.32 0.88 9.58 1.18 5.10 11.30 67.87 33.00 41.33 2.33 3.88 18.26 73.96 8.07 2.44 38.62 - 100 65.24 28.62 34.59 2.31 19.31 24.55 443.90 46.18 7.67 2.61 19.36 17.67 424.98 48.10 25.95 33.28 2.39 19.31 22.02 406.61 49.43 6.86 2.34 19.31 11.77 388.17 46.19 23.22 33.10 2.42 19.31 17.00 371.32 47.39 7.67 2.42 19.36 17.82 354.84 41.70 20.82 27.01 2.38 19.31 11.99 338.26 41.37 7.69 2.65 19.31 11.22 322.81 41.59 18.04 21.52 2.45 19.31 7.91 306.98 41.49 7.67 2.43 19.36 6.80 293.10 41.43 16.28 21.58 2.43 19.31 7.78 279.19 36.52 7.67 2.65 19.31 6.62 265.62 34.00 12.41 15.08 2.66 19.31 5.01 252.55 33.90 6.37 2.46 19.36 3.61 240.19 33.90 11.52 13.63 2.50 19.31 1.71 228.31 33.90 6.89 2.49 9.65 1.80 216.88 34.00 9.92 12.35 2.53 9.65 1.76 206.49 33.90 9.42 11.31 - 2.79 9.68 0.66 196.21 33.90 2.81 - 0.63 186.44 33.90 5.48 11.33 2.48 - 0.53 177.57 34.00 3.65 7.47 2.42 - 0.59 168.86 33.90 2.46 0.56 159.59 27.36 1.09 6.55 2.42 0.46 150.31 27.36 Onshore Wind 2.65 2.55 0.47 142.20 19.92 Offshore Wind 2.36 0.42 134.59 18.04 Solar 2.32 0.37 127.79 2050 9.17 -1.11 0.86 -1.82 2.22 2049 -0.91 6.12 4.30 0.98 8.54 2.66 0.45 2048 -0.45 1.83 0.88 13.92 7.00 2047 -2.67 4.95 0.90 31.10 15.62 3.04 2046 47.56 1.00 6.34 0.87 48.64 7.67 2045 287.90 7.92 0.86 53.00 19.25 2044 277.85 32.79 0.94 49.95 19.91 2043 271.08 32.83 0.87 54.18 19.30 2042 54.78 267.62 31.03 0.88 248.23 32.53 20.09 2041 55.37 19.57 0.88 229.87 30.63 2040 56.11 19.09 0.88 215.73 28.81 2039 56.55 19.73 0.88 198.61 28.26 2038 50.90 19.74 0.88 194.21 27.58 2037 57.71 18.71 0.87 58.45 173.83 26.56 2036 158.90 26.76 18.89 0.88 58.86 18.40 2035 145.07 25.22 0.87 59.47 18.46 2034 131.46 22.48 0.88 60.03 17.71 2033 123.46 21.79 0.88 60.77 17.26 2032 113.31 20.68 0.87 59.08 16.33 2031 61.76 103.71 18.65 0.88 62.34 100.30 15.43 16.25 2030 89.44 15.79 16.09 0.88 61.38 15.76 2029 63.50 80.51 13.30 0.88 79.30 12.52 15.43 2028 64.08 15.53 0.88 70.00 13.69 2027 63.99 15.35 0.88 56.48 60.82 12.82 2026 58.70 58.96 10.71 15.22 0.88 59.80 48.71 10.70 15.08 2025 61.67 46.55 10.94 14.09 0.88 67.08 37.88 9.69 13.70 2024 66.42 34.13 9.70 12.69 2.55 Coal 27.37 9.35 12.22 2023 Renewable 9.41 11.89 Oil Geothermal Biomass 0.23 122.00 Natural Gas Hydro Nuclear and Other Technologies 0.00 Total Generation 114.39 BESS 2030 0.87 2031 48.10 30.86 0.87 2032 48.45 30.77 0.87 45.80 30.77 0.87 2034 42.15 30.77 0.83 2035 42.27 30.86 0.97 2036 42.18 32.21 0.86 2037 42.17 33.13 0.86 44.90 32.47 0.88 2039 169.85 51.96 36.74 0.89 2040 189.34 51.30 31.55 0.88 204.38 46.78 34.92 0.97 2042 17.33 212.83 44.36 44.34 0.99 2043 27.38 17.68 227.70 48.05 41.53 0.88 27.14 18.20 235.52 45.02 53.32 0.95 28.89 18.83 260.89 44.78 44.43 0.91 31.38 19.42 268.57 48.17 50.44 0.88 28.55 17.66 276.84 42.20 67.79 1.18 28.38 17.30 299.61 42.07 64.21 1.14 27.15 17.21 314.55 42.05 48.77 0.88 7.55 7.35 52.09 27.95 15.44 0.63 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 0.99 6.34 16.85 -2.90 9.52 -16.08 '22-'28 3.00 4.93 16.49 -2.86 7.02 -12.32 '22-'30 6.12 0.29 7.34 -0.13 1.79 0.09 '30-'40 1.61 0.87 6.36 -2.09 2.87 -0.09 '40-'50 1.81 9.52 -1.62 3.65 -3.69 '22-'50 Annex 18. Power Generation, Clean Energy Scenario - 2 (In Terawatt-Hour, TWh) 0.88 55.12 30.77 166.91 25.72 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 2029 30.77 155.96 16.39 2050 0.88 52.65 144.40 25.40 2049 2028 30.77 133.53 16.34 2048 2027 0.88 58.33 122.85 25.96 2047 0.88 55.68 30.86 118.41 15.77 2046 2026 30.77 105.48 23.14 2045 0.88 57.64 96.00 15.74 2044 24.83 90.23 20.26 2041 0.87 58.38 83.68 19.77 15.54 2038 0.88 62.85 24.83 69.14 17.35 14.84 Outlook 19.92 62.83 15.26 14.89 2033 2.55 67.08 52.82 14.97 2025 18.04 50.39 13.54 2024 66.42 39.31 15.90 2023 Natural Gas 34.13 15.66 Energy Source Coal 27.37 15.74 Oil Renewable 13.28 3.60 12.34 - 13.23 15.48 1.56 15.51 10.86 13.48 2.99 12.77 15.84 15.31 - 46.05 10.71 - 56.97 15.24 9.06 10.70 17.53 15.08 33.39 10.93 186.99 14.08 37.04 9.70 169.01 13.71 34.36 9.71 146.03 12.70 42.27 9.35 126.86 12.22 36.84 9.41 122.53 11.89 33.16 Geothermal 105.99 Hydro 33.66 1.62 12.37 103.76 3.71 7.99 95.81 7.46 -1.67 5.07 34.02 -1.34 7.15 20.99 88.15 31.35 9.05 17.72 4.78 35.97 37.56 9.86 5.20 32.40 9.45 10.57 - 26.25 80.48 47.74 1.14 - 17.96 5.26 28.61 45.75 2.07 3.89 18.14 5.09 66.72 48.15 2.12 38.62 - 100 27.54 46.01 2.09 19.31 33.15 444.87 72.82 51.52 2.63 19.36 34.11 426.33 65.15 48.80 2.28 19.31 29.50 407.37 25.57 42.84 2.24 19.31 4.92 387.36 57.49 37.69 2.38 19.31 10.80 370.32 26.42 36.16 2.26 19.36 14.82 354.11 49.96 31.51 2.32 19.31 7.93 337.52 28.00 33.15 2.64 19.31 9.15 321.82 25.27 28.24 2.45 19.31 3.78 306.36 42.08 27.62 2.32 19.36 3.19 292.38 32.06 26.14 2.31 19.31 6.48 278.80 26.58 23.26 2.16 19.31 4.05 264.47 24.81 24.90 2.16 19.31 5.14 251.43 26.83 25.75 2.09 19.36 5.06 238.96 23.45 22.41 2.45 19.31 2.79 226.99 23.06 19.12 2.41 9.65 4.92 215.91 19.16 17.55 2.54 9.65 2.68 205.50 21.74 16.14 2.79 9.68 0.64 195.23 21.32 16.66 2.81 - 0.66 185.51 15.33 - 6.88 12.35 2.49 - 0.43 177.00 6.37 - 3.65 11.31 2.42 - 0.63 167.99 17.68 1.09 11.33 2.46 - 0.56 159.12 6.89 - 7.47 2.43 - 0.46 150.24 15.40 Onshore Wind 6.55 2.55 - 0.48 142.11 - Offshore Wind 2.65 2.36 - 0.43 134.48 14.04 Solar 2.32 - 0.32 127.87 - Biomass - 0.23 122.00 13.22 Nuclear and Other Technologies 0.03 Total Generation 114.39 BESS Philippine Energy Plan 115 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-125.pdf === Annex 19. Fuel Input to Power Generation, Reference Scenario (In Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) Natural Gas Oil 13.85 17.09 2.82 0.84 2023 13.60 17.14 3.58 0.35 2024 2.53 10.24 14.25 17.59 3.65 0.35 2025 1.58 10.98 14.52 18.17 3.74 0.35 2026 2.51 11.37 15.86 19.19 3.62 0.35 2027 2.36 11.98 16.80 20.27 3.52 0.35 2028 2.47 11.91 17.32 20.03 4.27 0.35 2029 2.70 12.36 18.38 19.85 4.92 0.35 2030 2.98 12.41 19.09 19.66 5.55 0.35 2031 3.08 12.62 19.87 19.53 6.10 0.35 2032 3.05 12.82 20.61 19.30 6.74 0.35 2033 3.64 13.00 21.79 19.11 7.33 0.35 2034 4.00 13.10 22.79 18.93 7.98 0.35 2035 4.76 13.09 24.01 18.80 8.53 0.35 2036 4.98 13.22 25.07 18.57 9.24 0.35 2037 5.64 13.27 26.39 18.38 9.83 0.35 2038 6.14 13.25 27.54 18.20 10.31 0.35 2039 6.65 16.23 31.78 18.07 10.83 0.35 2040 7.40 15.98 32.70 17.83 12.04 0.35 2041 7.36 16.05 33.28 17.65 13.33 0.35 2042 7.30 15.92 33.91 17.47 14.58 0.35 2043 7.32 16.14 34.77 17.33 15.81 0.35 2044 8.49 16.99 37.17 17.10 17.27 0.35 2045 8.22 16.74 37.60 16.92 18.69 0.35 2046 10.67 17.55 40.76 16.74 20.17 0.35 2047 10.63 17.54 41.34 16.60 21.94 0.35 2048 10.72 17.70 42.50 16.37 23.22 0.35 2049 10.59 18.30 43.64 16.19 24.82 0.35 2050 8.93 26.06 45.61 37.16 16.39 0.83 -1.01 4.95 5.42 2.84 5.69 -13.34 0.92 4.10 5.22 1.86 8.68 -10.19 9.44 2.76 5.63 -0.94 8.20 -0.03 4.76 1.21 3.22 -1.09 8.65 -0.01 5.27 2.58 4.65 -0.20 8.50 -3.04 Average Shares Average Annual Growth Rates (%) % (2022-2050) '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 Coal 2.55 9.88 Outlook Renewable 2.41 10.23 Energy Source Geothermal 14.13 17.44 Hydro 3.96 6.59 - -0.59 12.11 1.30 10.78 - 33.11 -1.15 3.37 40.49 - 46.21 -2.22 3.44 40.86 - 4.92 -5.45 3.62 4.80 - 7.98 0.90 3.81 6.34 - 7.62 0.44 100 6.00 - 6.77 0.46 84.99 5.97 - 6.13 0.44 82.44 5.96 - 5.77 0.46 80.23 6.43 - 5.87 0.44 78.01 5.36 - 4.63 0.47 73.55 6.28 - 4.97 0.40 71.90 5.33 - 5.29 0.38 68.26 4.20 - 4.44 0.38 66.30 4.48 - 4.21 0.40 64.62 4.30 - 3.93 0.38 62.92 3.83 - 3.72 0.39 61.02 3.37 - 3.46 0.40 56.40 3.03 - 2.87 0.38 54.95 2.89 - 2.90 0.40 53.22 2.42 - 2.15 0.37 51.69 2.60 - 2.13 0.40 50.05 2.22 - 1.91 0.39 48.59 1.87 - 1.75 0.40 47.00 1.56 - 1.54 0.38 45.85 1.34 - 1.04 0.43 44.65 1.48 - 1.22 0.42 43.49 0.87 - 0.81 0.37 41.97 0.87 - 0.73 0.30 40.94 0.92 - 0.42 0.30 39.02 0.60 - 0.47 0.45 36.78 0.28 - 0.23 0.41 35.84 0.09 - Wind 0.89 34.67 Solar Biomass - Renewable Coal Natural Gas Oil 10.23 13.86 17.09 2.82 0.84 2023 0.31 2.40 10.51 14.70 17.22 3.11 0.29 2024 0.98 0.64 0.47 2.49 10.91 15.49 15.70 4.28 0.29 2025 36.67 - 0.93 0.97 0.81 2.48 11.78 16.98 15.13 4.28 0.29 2026 38.08 - 0.93 0.97 0.85 2.81 12.11 17.67 14.83 5.30 0.29 2027 39.13 - 0.91 1.06 1.58 2.74 12.96 19.27 14.26 5.31 0.29 2028 41.31 - 0.94 1.17 1.61 2.75 13.09 19.56 16.16 5.30 0.29 2029 42.65 - 1.04 1.30 2.06 3.29 13.19 20.88 16.18 5.30 0.29 2030 43.58 - 1.03 1.86 2.21 3.51 13.35 21.96 16.04 5.30 0.28 2031 45.34 2.52 0.94 1.85 2.45 3.21 13.26 21.72 15.50 5.31 0.29 2032 46.71 2.52 0.92 2.32 2.66 3.41 13.55 22.86 15.74 5.30 0.29 2033 48.18 2.52 0.93 2.85 2.82 4.05 13.83 24.48 15.60 5.30 0.28 2034 50.36 5.03 0.92 2.86 3.12 3.96 13.97 24.82 14.92 5.30 0.29 2035 52.32 5.04 0.99 2.97 3.53 4.78 14.04 26.32 15.35 5.31 0.29 2036 54.44 5.03 0.99 3.55 3.57 5.30 14.84 28.25 15.16 5.71 0.29 2037 56.23 5.03 0.90 4.06 3.64 5.59 15.23 29.41 15.02 6.48 0.29 2038 57.96 5.03 0.90 4.42 4.32 5.76 15.88 31.29 14.87 6.49 0.29 2039 59.50 5.04 0.91 4.86 4.84 6.46 15.82 32.90 14.76 6.50 0.29 2040 61.24 5.03 0.98 4.55 6.24 6.86 16.25 34.88 14.58 6.47 0.29 2041 61.07 5.03 0.88 4.81 7.79 6.81 16.09 36.39 12.85 6.52 0.28 2042 64.77 5.03 0.90 5.12 7.68 7.07 16.97 37.74 14.28 7.41 0.31 2043 66.04 5.04 0.90 5.92 8.29 7.24 16.96 39.32 14.17 7.22 0.28 2044 67.14 5.03 0.87 6.44 9.01 7.39 16.41 40.11 13.98 7.73 0.28 2045 69.07 5.03 0.89 7.00 9.82 7.85 16.82 42.39 13.83 7.52 0.29 2046 71.06 5.03 0.97 6.26 12.00 8.34 17.27 44.84 13.68 7.22 0.29 2047 72.37 5.04 0.86 7.17 11.61 7.96 16.60 44.19 12.62 10.20 0.32 2048 75.85 5.03 0.90 6.84 12.31 8.42 17.12 45.59 13.38 11.56 0.28 2049 79.15 10.06 0.87 7.65 12.43 8.41 16.56 45.91 12.28 10.61 0.29 2050 100 4.88 1.83 5.44 7.23 8.91 27.70 51.11 32.00 11.27 0.74 3.03 - 10.04 37.56 61.70 1.49 6.34 7.86 -3.00 13.18 -16.09 3.37 - 9.20 30.23 48.18 3.42 4.95 6.91 -0.71 9.69 -12.33 3.39 9.05 -1.32 14.13 8.93 7.00 1.83 4.65 -0.91 2.07 - 2.90 7.15 -0.50 4.64 9.88 2.66 0.45 3.39 -1.82 5.02 - 7.99 1.88 14.90 19.31 4.41 2.22 4.84 -1.18 5.26 -3.69 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 3.47 34.59 Total Fuel Input Nuclear and Other Tech Annex 20. Fuel Input to Power Generation, Clean Energy Scenario - 1 (In Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) Geothermal 2.41 0.56 - '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 Hydro 0.23 0.09 0.92 35.75 Average Shares % (2022-2050) Wind - Outlook Solar 0.90 35.32 Energy Source Biomass - Renewable Coal Natural Gas Oil 10.23 13.86 17.09 2.82 0.84 2023 0.31 2.40 10.51 14.70 17.22 3.11 0.29 2024 0.98 0.64 0.59 2.49 10.92 15.62 16.00 3.88 0.29 2025 36.24 - 0.93 0.97 1.14 2.49 11.79 17.32 14.76 3.88 0.29 2026 37.64 - 0.93 0.97 1.21 2.80 12.11 18.02 14.52 4.81 0.29 2027 38.74 - 0.91 1.06 1.92 2.74 12.96 19.60 14.03 4.82 0.29 2028 40.08 - 0.94 1.43 2.07 2.75 13.10 20.29 14.70 4.81 0.29 2029 40.39 - 1.04 1.39 3.15 3.27 13.17 22.02 13.27 4.81 0.29 2030 41.84 - 1.03 1.51 3.52 3.46 13.34 22.85 13.89 4.81 0.29 2031 42.81 2.52 0.94 1.64 4.00 3.16 13.31 23.06 12.12 4.82 0.29 2032 44.02 2.52 0.89 1.93 4.44 3.40 13.53 24.20 12.21 4.81 0.29 2033 45.01 2.52 0.91 2.21 5.04 4.02 13.67 25.85 11.54 4.81 0.28 2034 45.78 5.03 0.77 2.14 5.79 3.47 12.87 25.05 10.62 4.81 0.27 2035 47.05 5.04 0.80 2.00 6.70 3.91 12.80 26.21 10.65 4.82 0.32 2036 48.44 5.03 0.79 2.25 7.22 4.45 12.76 27.46 10.63 5.04 0.28 2037 50.58 5.03 0.86 2.37 7.80 5.07 13.36 29.46 10.62 5.18 0.28 2038 52.35 5.03 0.86 2.43 8.63 5.19 13.53 30.65 11.31 5.08 0.29 2039 55.62 5.04 0.91 2.85 8.20 5.93 13.56 31.45 13.09 5.74 0.29 2040 57.28 5.03 0.98 2.71 9.71 6.66 14.05 34.10 12.92 4.93 0.29 2041 57.84 5.03 0.86 3.11 10.67 6.51 14.09 35.24 11.79 5.46 0.32 2042 60.19 5.03 0.84 3.24 11.16 6.59 14.90 36.73 11.17 6.93 0.32 2043 62.54 5.04 0.88 3.68 11.82 7.02 15.20 38.61 12.10 6.49 0.29 2044 64.61 5.03 0.83 4.20 11.96 6.96 15.65 39.60 11.34 8.34 0.31 2045 66.13 5.03 0.85 4.43 13.70 7.41 16.19 42.58 11.28 6.95 0.30 2046 69.56 5.03 0.98 3.96 14.54 8.04 16.70 44.22 12.13 7.89 0.29 2047 69.59 5.04 0.77 4.14 15.51 7.32 15.19 42.93 10.63 10.60 0.39 2048 70.62 5.03 0.78 3.93 17.72 7.28 14.88 44.58 10.60 10.04 0.37 2049 74.14 10.06 0.77 4.10 18.95 6.96 14.79 45.58 10.59 7.62 0.29 2050 100 5.24 1.84 3.95 11.66 8.86 27.54 53.84 29.36 10.78 0.78 2.86 - 10.03 37.56 66.94 1.49 6.34 8.17 -3.27 11.37 -16.09 2.67 - 9.17 31.35 56.28 3.38 4.93 7.62 -3.14 8.37 -12.33 3.25 9.05 -1.28 7.46 10.03 6.12 0.29 3.63 -0.14 1.79 0.09 2.92 7.15 -1.72 3.71 8.74 1.61 0.87 3.78 -2.09 2.87 -0.09 7.99 1.44 12.37 21.12 3.71 1.81 4.81 -1.70 4.02 -3.69 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 3.21 34.61 Total Fuel Input Nuclear and Other Tech Annex 21. Fuel Input to Power Generation, Clean Energy Scenario - 2 (In Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, MTOE) Geothermal 2.41 0.56 - '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 Hydro 0.23 0.09 0.92 35.79 Average Shares % (2022-2050) Wind - Outlook Solar 0.90 35.32 Energy Source Biomass - 2.97 34.61 Total Fuel Input Nuclear and Other Tech 116 Vo l u m e 1 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-126.pdf === 2029 6.14 3.85 2030 31.64 14.73 6.14 3.85 2031 32.33 14.73 6.14 3.85 2032 36.41 14.73 6.14 3.85 2033 41.19 14.73 6.74 3.85 2034 44.14 14.73 7.58 3.85 2035 48.44 14.73 8.00 3.85 2036 52.28 14.73 9.25 3.85 2037 55.83 14.73 9.67 3.85 2038 60.91 14.73 10.50 3.85 2039 66.92 14.73 11.34 3.85 2040 73.75 14.73 12.59 3.85 78.11 14.73 13.85 3.85 78.74 14.73 15.52 3.85 79.52 14.73 17.19 3.85 2044 88.41 14.73 18.86 3.85 2045 89.86 14.73 20.60 3.85 98.53 14.73 22.27 3.85 100.12 14.73 23.94 3.85 101.88 14.73 25.61 3.85 106.77 14.73 25.61 3.85 56.74 23.57 13.08 6.62 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 17.77 2.88 8.67 0.08 '22-'28 15.75 2.15 6.43 0.06 '22-'30 9.65 0.00 6.32 0.00 '30-'40 4.78 0.00 8.49 0.00 '40-'50 9.57 0.61 7.12 0.02 '22-'50 Annex 22. Installed Generating Capacity, Reference Scenario (In Gigawatt, GW) 2028 6.14 3.85 14.73 2.38 4.04 2.38 4.04 2.42 4.46 2.42 4.46 2.46 4.46 2.46 5.01 2.53 5.56 2.53 6.11 2.53 6.33 2.53 6.88 2.53 7.43 2.53 7.98 2.98 8.49 2.98 8.49 2.98 8.49 2.98 8.49 2.98 9.89 3.09 9.91 3.09 13.51 3.20 13.51 3.20 13.51 3.20 14.01 3.31 9.15 4.05 1.28 3.34 0.95 2.71 7.04 2.11 5.80 1.06 4.83 1.90 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 2027 6.14 3.85 26.63 4.04 2050 2026 6.14 3.85 14.73 4.02 2.38 2049 3.85 23.33 2.25 2048 2025 5.04 14.73 4.02 2047 3.85 22.06 2.19 2046 2024 5.04 18.19 14.73 4.02 2043 3.85 18.06 14.46 2.07 - 15.72 2042 2023 5.04 15.64 13.88 3.89 4.63 2041 3.73 3.85 13.03 3.87 2.00 4.43 10.52 Outlook Oil 12.04 Energy Source Natural Gas 8.92 12.73 Coal Geothermal - Renewable Hydro 10.29 10.89 13.76 - 38.44 3.85 3.85 3.85 3.85 3.85 3.85 3.85 11.11 10.43 19.20 3.85 11.11 10.55 19.50 4.80 0.75 2.40 22.02 0.75 22.02 151.50 154.32 0.08 0.06 0.00 0.00 -0.40 0.02 3.77 1.49 9.85 6.13 0.00 2.17 0.45 5.67 10.01 '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 6.88 2.15 0.00 6.43 -1.39 8.67 -1.85 11.16 20.25 9.76 1.58 15.87 5.22 13.62 11.71 6.25 8.01 0.73 - 4.99 7.18 5.68 9.05 12.77 10.32 - 2.58 3.98 2.71 15.44 3.17 3.34 17.48 - - 3.08 1.47 11.08 5.41 13.16 6.81 8.84 0.02 6.62 0.00 7.18 12.59 0.00 -0.80 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 0.06 0.00 8.67 2.58 4.48 7.50 5.76 - 18.04 3.87 4.57 0.37 3.98 2.71 17.73 6.43 6.64 3.54 1.49 9.87 12.20 6.30 8.01 0.73 - 13.77 5.85 - 9.08 3.82 2.18 1.66 6.25 9.02 '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 0.08 -0.14 12.35 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 6.86 -2.59 100 - 1.22 5.06 9.81 4.19 60.24 31.59 - 45.95 38.63 1.23 - 0.50 12.53 28.70 0.74 4.39 6.17 6.80 - 25.47 56.48 0.00 5.39 4.54 4.80 54.75 - 24.92 6.55 4.80 0.83 0.00 24.37 53.54 - 4.80 7.75 23.82 52.50 1.11 8.84 3.80 - 23.27 49.09 8.77 3.80 1.07 12.59 22.68 48.25 - 2.80 0.70 - 100 21.33 43.27 - 2.80 0.70 3.78 150.97 20.96 42.86 - 2.80 42.76 0.70 3.78 146.08 20.43 - 2.80 0.70 3.78 142.64 18.35 40.48 - 2.50 0.70 3.78 139.39 16.20 36.62 - 1.50 0.70 3.78 129.05 15.12 33.69 - 0.90 0.65 3.78 125.86 14.04 30.84 - 0.80 0.65 3.58 115.30 12.95 29.03 - 0.80 0.65 3.13 112.85 11.87 26.48 - - 0.65 2.24 110.55 10.79 24.61 - - 0.65 2.24 104.93 9.70 23.29 - - 0.65 2.24 96.85 8.62 20.22 - 0.65 2.24 90.00 7.43 17.33 - 0.65 2.24 84.08 6.95 17.16 - 0.65 2.24 80.12 5.76 13.76 - 0.65 2.24 75.02 4.57 11.69 - 0.65 2.24 70.31 4.13 10.86 - 7.94 0.65 2.24 66.52 3.20 - 0.65 2.24 61.14 7.94 - 3.20 0.65 2.24 57.07 0.65 - 1.97 6.81 0.65 2.24 56.37 0.65 - 1.19 4.23 0.65 2.24 51.36 1.98 0.65 - 0.43 0.65 2.24 48.07 Onshore Wind 0.65 - Offshore Wind 0.65 2.24 46.79 Solar Biomass - 3.85 11.11 114.42 114.83 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 2.24 2040 3.85 11.11 20.52 145.12 2.40 0.75 17.90 10.23 2.96 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 42.92 2039 3.85 2050 - 2038 3.85 2049 2.24 2037 3.85 2048 41.42 2036 3.85 2047 - 2035 3.85 2046 2.24 2034 3.85 2045 38.41 2033 3.85 2044 - 2032 3.85 2043 1.72 2031 3.85 2042 33.97 2030 3.85 2041 - 2029 3.85 19.72 1.24 2028 3.85 19.72 29.23 2027 3.85 16.37 Total Capacity 2026 3.85 11.11 11.94 Nuclear and Other Technologies BESS 3.85 Outlook 3.85 2025 Annex 23. Installed Generating Capacity, Clean Energy Scenario - 1 (In Gigawatt, GW) 2024 3.85 2023 3.85 Energy Source Oil 11.94 11.94 11.11 10.36 11.11 10.36 11.11 7.94 111.39 2.96 17.12 137.29 2.40 0.75 17.80 9.83 2.96 11.11 7.60 107.99 2.96 9.63 2.96 14.00 2.40 0.75 2.40 17.12 125.18 130.32 15.62 0.75 14.00 9.43 2.96 11.11 7.60 95.88 101.02 13.02 117.97 2.40 0.75 11.30 9.23 38.22 2.96 26.60 11.11 7.60 90.25 47.16 2.94 31.08 12.16 110.12 2.40 0.75 9.60 9.03 12.87 11.11 7.46 82.40 27.09 2.83 26.39 8.83 54.69 11.11 6.62 77.32 26.39 9.60 2.40 0.75 2.40 9.25 0.75 6.80 8.51 54.69 2.83 53.16 26.39 11.11 6.14 72.49 51.66 24.99 2.40 0.75 5.30 8.51 50.10 23.59 2.83 22.19 11.11 6.14 66.16 46.56 2.40 0.75 3.30 8.01 20.79 2.83 45.22 11.11 6.14 60.70 19.39 2.40 0.75 2.50 7.81 40.69 2.73 17.99 11.11 6.14 56.51 37.33 2.40 0.75 2.50 7.28 16.59 2.62 37.02 11.11 6.14 52.04 15.19 2.51 33.59 2.40 0.75 2.10 6.73 14.24 11.11 6.14 46.95 31.58 2.51 13.29 2.40 0.75 2.00 6.18 29.44 2.51 12.34 1.20 0.75 2.00 6.18 26.55 2.00 5.63 11.39 2.46 23.47 2.00 5.47 20.15 10.44 2.46 9.49 5.47 20.15 2.42 8.54 5.12 17.01 2.42 7.59 4.52 13.63 2.38 6.64 2.00 1.20 0.75 7.70 97.45 102.62 2047 2050 2046 2049 2045 2048 2044 2042 3.85 22.59 -3.44 9.93 3.85 22.59 19.00 9.93 3.08 - 42.96 6.22 7.18 - 54.46 27.62 9.05 13.43 7.54 11.90 - 12.08 7.35 6.12 31.08 8.84 3.17 3.34 18.76 9.93 100 1.22 14.40 9.67 4.11 60.30 9.93 3.85 2043 2041 9.93 13.91 13.53 1.20 0.75 2040 9.93 10.24 5.69 2.00 - 0.75 2039 7.70 91.13 2038 7.70 85.66 2037 6.20 81.33 2036 9.93 50.10 0.75 - 10.10 - 0.75 4.58 76.03 2035 9.93 44.10 0.75 0.00 4.74 2.00 - 0.73 3.08 70.46 2034 3.08 65.54 2033 3.08 63.39 2032 2.24 58.69 2031 2.24 54.19 2030 2.24 51.91 2029 2.24 47.18 2028 2.24 43.83 2027 Outlook 2026 9.93 20.15 15.06 9.93 9.93 2.96 9.93 2.96 11.00 0.75 124.83 137.30 147.99 156.39 0.75 38.10 14.74 34.15 0.75 2.40 17.36 121.34 33.10 14.19 32.62 2.40 24.66 32.00 30.98 2.40 24.66 9.73 2.96 15.84 19.90 - 2.40 23.17 9.53 2.86 15.84 35.65 1.50 12.59 17.36 9.33 2.86 15.29 35.65 4.80 - 3.85 15.06 93.59 100.97 109.22 115.22 9.13 2.86 13.64 29.00 0.75 29.15 2.40 14.60 115.76 3.85 15.06 90.10 2.71 8.93 13.09 27.00 0.75 27.32 2.40 12.60 109.83 3.85 13.86 84.52 2.71 8.73 12.54 25.00 25.49 3.85 13.86 79.79 2.58 8.53 11.99 23.66 2.40 0.75 2.40 12.60 98.04 105.25 0.75 7.00 23.00 3.85 11.36 75.21 2.51 8.30 3.85 9.52 70.50 3.85 65.82 11.44 21.00 0.75 21.83 2.40 7.00 91.53 0.00 8.36 11.11 6.14 42.03 2025 11.11 6.14 41.08 2024 11.11 6.14 36.38 11.11 6.14 31.89 4.52 2.38 2.24 42.83 - 7.76 2.00 4.34 0.73 2.24 40.00 - 7.46 0.73 3.80 4.52 2.38 11.11 5.04 30.80 10.84 5.04 26.07 11.12 5.04 22.72 13.03 21.72 3.73 18.89 12.73 Natural Gas 4.02 17.90 2.24 37.64 - 0.72 7.46 - 3.46 2.25 4.02 15.48 2.19 3.89 12.07 2.23 2.07 3.87 6.33 2.24 35.50 - 0.72 - 1.33 1.72 33.99 - 0.70 - 4.07 1.24 29.23 - 0.65 - 1.98 0.43 2.00 8.92 Coal Hydro Geothermal Renewable Onshore Wind Offshore Wind Solar Biomass Total Capacity Nuclear and Other Technologies BESS 2023 Annex 24. Installed Generating Capacity, Clean Energy Scenario - 2 (In Gigawatt, GW) Energy Source 3.85 7.00 88.54 2.40 0.75 19.69 21.00 10.89 8.00 2.51 62.83 9.93 9.52 3.85 7.00 83.00 2.40 0.75 17.26 19.00 10.34 7.45 2.50 57.29 9.93 9.52 3.85 7.00 81.00 2.40 0.75 17.26 17.00 10.34 7.45 2.50 55.29 9.93 9.52 3.85 6.43 76.50 2.40 0.75 16.81 15.00 10.20 6.90 2.50 52.15 9.93 8.16 3.85 3.93 70.35 2.40 0.75 15.78 13.00 9.65 6.35 2.50 48.03 9.93 6.14 3.85 6.19 2.50 45.86 9.93 6.14 3.85 6.19 2.50 43.86 10.07 6.14 3.85 6.14 3.85 10.07 5.64 39.10 2.46 5.42 2.46 35.33 10.07 6.14 3.85 5.42 2.42 32.60 10.07 6.14 3.85 5.12 2.42 30.50 10.07 6.14 3.85 6.14 3.85 10.07 4.52 2.38 26.54 9.65 3.93 68.19 2.40 0.75 11.00 9.65 3.93 65.13 1.20 0.75 9.00 9.10 15.78 2.24 60.37 1.20 0.75 7.00 8.55 15.78 2.24 56.60 1.20 0.75 6.00 8.00 14.16 2.24 52.67 - 0.75 5.00 7.45 12.16 2.24 50.57 - 0.75 4.00 6.75 11.02 2.24 46.61 - 0.73 2.00 10.77 0.73 2.00 5.80 10.17 4.52 2.38 23.18 10.07 6.14 3.85 - 5.38 4.52 2.38 20.47 10.07 6.14 3.85 5.04 3.85 5.04 3.85 - 4.86 4.02 2.25 10.17 5.04 3.85 3.73 Oil Natural Gas 2.19 11.24 19.30 13.03 4.02 15.98 12.73 3.89 12.07 2.07 3.87 2.73 7.76 0.73 7.46 0.72 7.46 0.72 2.24 - 43.25 2.24 - 40.54 2.24 - 38.37 2.24 - 36.12 - 1.33 6.33 1.72 33.99 - 0.70 - 0.43 4.07 1.24 29.23 - 0.65 - 1.98 2.00 8.92 Coal Hydro Geothermal Renewable Onshore Wind Offshore Wind Solar Biomass Total Capacity Nuclear and Other Technologies BESS Philippine Energy Plan 117 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-127.pdf === 2028 88.02 9.98 68.81 166.81 2029 87.83 11.50 71.08 170.41 2030 87.66 12.97 73.40 174.03 2031 87.71 14.25 75.79 177.74 2032 87.35 15.76 78.24 181.34 2033 87.22 17.14 80.76 185.11 2034 87.10 18.66 83.35 189.11 2035 87.21 19.95 86.01 193.17 2036 86.94 21.60 88.74 197.28 2037 86.90 86.88 22.97 24.11 91.54 94.41 201.41 205.40 2038 87.07 25.31 97.37 209.75 2040 86.81 28.14 99.84 214.80 2041 86.76 31.17 102.38 220.31 2042 86.71 34.08 104.99 225.77 2043 86.85 36.95 107.66 231.47 2044 86.64 86.62 40.38 43.69 110.41 113.24 237.43 243.55 2045 86.60 86.77 47.15 51.30 116.17 119.18 249.92 257.25 2047 86.59 86.58 54.29 58.02 122.29 125.49 263.17 270.09 2049 2050 2027 88.43 8.24 66.51 163.18 2048 2025 83.73 8.47 64.14 156.34 2046 2024 76.60 79.29 8.54 8.75 59.23 61.73 144.38 149.77 2039 2023 74.38 8.37 56.93 139.68 Outlook 73.78 6.60 56.39 136.76 2026 Annex 25. Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG), By Fuel, Reference Scenario (in Million Tons of CO2 equivalent, MtCO2e) Fuel Coal Natural Gas Oil Total 2023 74.59 7.28 55.45 137.32 2024 69.08 10.00 56.79 135.87 2025 67.28 10.00 58.22 135.50 2026 66.50 12.39 59.81 138.69 2027 64.74 12.42 61.30 138.47 2028 72.57 12.39 62.73 147.69 2029 73.11 12.39 64.10 149.60 2030 73.00 12.39 65.75 151.14 2031 71.38 12.42 67.45 151.25 2032 72.81 12.39 69.17 154.37 2033 72.72 12.39 70.92 156.04 2034 70.58 12.39 72.73 155.70 2035 72.76 12.42 74.54 159.72 2036 72.55 13.35 76.40 162.30 2037 72.55 15.14 78.26 165.95 2038 72.51 15.17 80.16 167.83 2039 72.68 15.20 82.09 169.97 2040 72.54 15.12 84.13 171.80 2041 66.43 15.24 86.22 167.89 2042 72.60 17.32 88.45 178.38 2043 72.78 16.88 90.60 180.26 2044 72.67 18.06 92.89 183.63 2045 72.72 17.58 95.30 185.59 2046 72.77 16.88 97.72 187.37 2047 69.24 23.85 100.35 193.44 2048 72.88 27.03 102.85 202.77 2049 69.24 24.80 105.56 199.61 2050 Outlook 73.74 6.60 55.93 136.26 Annex 26. Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG), By Fuel, Clean Energy Scenario - 1 (in Million Tons of CO2 equivalent, MtCO2e) Fuel Coal Natural Gas Oil Total 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 54.45 11.28 74.64 140.37 2036 54.89 11.77 76.39 143.05 2037 55.43 12.11 78.25 145.78 2038 58.66 11.87 80.16 150.69 2039 66.17 13.43 82.09 161.69 2040 66.11 11.53 84.13 161.77 2041 62.27 12.76 86.32 161.35 2042 60.49 16.21 88.50 165.20 2043 64.73 15.18 90.61 170.52 2044 62.38 19.49 92.98 174.84 2045 62.77 16.24 95.30 174.31 2046 66.73 18.43 97.72 182.89 2047 61.51 24.78 100.55 186.84 2048 62.02 23.47 103.12 188.61 2049 62.66 17.82 105.56 186.05 2050 Outlook 2023 53.82 11.25 72.67 137.74 2036 73.29 22.57 48.14 18.30 162.30 2037 74.54 23.37 48.97 19.08 165.95 2038 73.97 24.18 49.79 19.90 167.83 2039 73.60 25.02 50.59 20.77 169.97 2040 72.79 25.86 51.45 21.69 171.80 2041 66.19 26.72 52.31 22.66 167.89 2042 73.91 27.60 53.17 23.69 178.38 2043 72.96 28.48 54.03 24.79 180.26 2044 73.42 29.38 54.88 25.95 183.63 2045 72.38 30.29 55.73 27.19 185.59 2046 71.08 73.98 31.21 32.14 56.58 57.42 28.50 29.89 187.37 193.44 2047 80.05 33.08 58.27 31.37 202.77 2049 73.55 34.02 59.11 32.93 199.61 2050 2050 122.16 38.45 73.11 36.38 270.09 2035 73.10 21.80 47.27 17.56 159.72 2049 119.14 37.39 71.97 34.66 263.17 56.92 11.25 70.92 139.09 2037 95.00 25.13 57.18 19.98 197.28 Outlook 2036 94.26 24.11 55.72 19.08 193.17 2048 117.04 36.34 70.83 33.04 257.25 59.04 11.25 69.17 139.45 2033 92.01 21.27 51.39 16.68 181.34 2034 71.41 21.04 46.39 16.86 155.70 2047 113.42 35.30 69.69 31.51 249.92 58.22 11.28 67.44 136.94 2032 91.42 20.37 49.98 15.97 177.74 2033 74.04 20.30 45.50 16.20 156.04 2045 2046 108.08 110.67 33.24 34.27 67.41 68.55 28.70 30.06 237.43 243.55 64.64 11.25 65.75 141.64 2031 90.65 19.51 48.56 15.31 174.03 2032 74.62 19.58 44.60 15.57 154.37 2044 105.55 32.24 66.26 27.42 231.47 61.76 11.25 64.10 137.10 2030 89.90 18.67 47.15 14.70 170.41 2031 73.70 18.88 43.69 14.99 151.25 2043 103.20 31.24 65.11 26.22 225.77 66.88 11.25 62.73 140.85 2029 89.08 17.86 45.74 14.13 166.81 2030 75.74 18.19 42.77 14.44 151.14 2042 101.01 30.26 63.95 25.09 220.31 63.83 11.28 61.30 136.41 2028 88.27 17.05 44.26 13.59 163.18 2029 76.32 17.52 41.83 13.93 149.60 2041 98.69 29.30 62.80 24.02 214.80 65.32 11.25 59.81 136.37 2027 84.29 16.25 42.72 13.08 156.34 2028 76.24 16.87 41.13 13.46 147.69 2040 96.77 28.35 61.64 23.00 209.75 65.81 9.08 58.22 133.11 2026 80.61 15.44 41.15 12.58 149.77 2027 68.88 16.21 40.36 13.01 138.47 2038 2039 95.66 96.08 26.17 27.24 58.66 60.14 20.93 21.93 201.41 205.40 70.26 9.08 56.53 135.87 2025 78.16 14.55 39.57 12.09 144.38 2026 71.04 15.55 39.53 12.58 138.69 2035 93.48 23.13 54.27 18.23 189.11 74.59 7.28 55.45 137.32 2024 76.22 13.66 38.16 11.64 139.68 2025 69.84 14.88 38.62 12.16 135.50 2034 92.67 22.19 52.82 17.43 185.11 73.74 6.60 55.93 136.26 Annex 27. Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG), By Fuel, Clean Energy Scenario - 2 (in Million Tons of CO2 equivalent, MtCO2e) Fuel Coal Natural Gas Oil Total 2023 75.71 12.84 36.97 11.23 136.76 Annex 28. Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG), By Sector, Reference Scenario (in Million Tons of CO2 equivalent, MtCO2e) Sector Transformation* Industry Transport Others Total 2024 72.03 14.16 37.88 11.80 135.87 2048 2023 75.24 13.42 37.20 11.46 137.32 Outlook 75.71 12.75 36.62 11.17 136.26 Annex 29. Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG), By Sector, Clean Energy Scenario - 1 (in Million Tons of CO2 equivalent, MtCO2e) Sector Transformation* Industry Transport Others Total 2024 72.28 14.16 37.63 11.80 135.87 2025 67.45 14.88 38.62 12.16 133.11 2026 68.72 15.55 39.53 12.58 136.37 2027 66.83 16.21 40.36 13.01 136.41 2028 69.40 16.87 41.13 13.46 140.85 2029 63.83 17.52 41.83 13.93 137.10 2030 66.24 18.19 42.77 14.44 141.64 2031 59.38 18.88 43.69 14.99 136.94 2032 59.69 19.58 44.60 15.57 139.45 2033 57.09 20.30 45.50 16.20 139.09 2034 53.45 21.04 46.39 16.86 137.74 2035 53.74 21.80 47.27 17.56 140.37 2036 54.04 22.57 48.14 18.30 143.05 2037 54.37 23.37 48.97 19.08 145.78 2038 56.82 24.18 49.79 19.90 150.69 2039 65.32 25.02 50.59 20.77 161.69 2040 62.77 25.86 51.45 21.69 161.77 2041 59.65 26.72 52.31 22.66 161.35 2042 60.74 27.60 53.17 23.69 165.20 2043 63.22 28.48 54.03 24.79 170.52 2044 64.62 29.38 54.88 25.95 174.84 2045 61.10 30.29 55.73 27.19 174.31 2046 66.60 67.38 31.21 32.14 56.58 57.42 28.50 29.89 182.89 186.84 2047 65.90 33.08 58.27 31.37 188.61 2049 59.98 34.02 59.11 32.93 186.05 2050 2048 2023 75.24 13.42 37.20 11.46 137.32 Outlook 75.71 12.75 36.62 11.17 136.26 Annex 30. Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG), By Sector, Clean Energy Scenario - 2 (in Million Tons of CO2 equivalent, MtCO2e) Sector Transformation* Industry Transport Others Total Average Shares % (2022-2050) 45.54 10.82 43.64 100 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 45.52 8.45 46.02 100 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 42.97 8.16 48.87 100 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 52.18 11.14 27.58 9.10 100 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 46.77 13.25 28.69 11.29 100.00 Average Shares % (2022-2050) 43.47 14.09 30.44 12.00 100 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) 1.96 8.23 3.40 2.89 -0.09 8.20 3.20 2.10 -0.06 8.65 2.57 2.56 0.51 8.37 3.03 2.49 '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 2.75 5.10 3.41 3.12 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) -0.35 9.24 2.07 1.23 -0.06 2.07 2.50 1.28 -0.48 5.02 2.55 1.62 -0.29 5.13 2.40 1.39 '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 -2.46 12.55 2.01 0.34 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) -2.43 7.92 2.07 0.13 0.69 1.79 2.50 1.66 -0.54 2.87 2.55 1.41 -0.65 3.90 2.40 1.13 '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 -2.69 10.75 2.01 0.09 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 2.21 1.88 0.74 2.36 1.64 4.70 4.68 4.27 3.10 3.97 3.79 3.64 2.72 1.72 2.62 5.47 5.10 4.58 4.69 4.77 3.12 2.89 2.10 2.56 2.49 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) -0.18 3.86 2.10 4.39 1.23 -0.36 3.63 1.92 4.07 1.28 -0.01 3.12 1.57 4.72 1.62 -0.18 3.51 1.85 4.39 1.39 '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 -1.93 3.83 2.20 4.70 0.34 Average Annual Growth Rates (%) -2.39 3.86 2.10 4.39 0.13 0.23 3.63 1.92 4.07 1.66 -0.85 3.12 1.57 4.72 1.41 -0.91 3.51 1.85 4.39 1.13 '22-'28 '22-'30 '30-'40 '40-'50 '22-'50 -2.43 3.83 2.20 4.70 0.09 118 Vo l u m e 1 === pep-2023-2050-vol1-section-e-page-128.pdf === Energy Center, Rizal Drive Corner 34th Street, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig City, Philippines, 1632 Tel. Nos.: 8840-2288; 8479-2900 local 317, 410 Website: https://www.doe.gov.ph Facebook: DOEgovph Instagram: doegovph Twitter: DOEgovph PHILIPPINE ENERGY PLAN DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 2023 - 2050 VOLUME I ISSN: 2719-1443