=== dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-41.ppm === Table 32: Baseline Standby Loss Levels for Representative Commercial Water Heater Equipment Equipment Class Input Capacity kBTUs/h or kW I Electnc storage water heaters ee _ - | Commercial gas fired storage i water heaters and gas-fired storage type instantancous water heaters - i ; ; | Residential-duty gas fired | storage water heaters ankiess water heaters Hot wate: supply boilars | Gas-fired instantancous water heaters ; and hot water i supply boilers i i * For all equipment classes where not specified, the representative volume is a rated storage volume, not a measured storage volume. Source: Guidelines on Energy Conserving Design of Buildings, 2007, with revisions from ENPAP.4.0 Table 33: Minimum Pipe Insulation (Heating System) Pipe Sizes (mm) Steam and Condensates 95 120 (c} 60 95 [d) 40 60 {oj | Hat 408 2 Water above (ch i Note: Thermal resistivity (m?- °C/W-mm) ranges areas follows: (a) R = 0,020 -0.022 (b) R = 0.022 -0.024 (c) R = 0. 023 -0.026 (d) R = 0.02i - 0.028 (e) R = 0.025 -0.029 Source: Guidelines on Energy Conserving Design of Buildings, 2007 Table 34: Minimum Piping Insulation Thickness and Hot Water Systems Table G.8.2-' Minimum Piping Insatation Fhickness Heading ard Mot Water Systems* "42° (Staant, Stam Condarnnate, Hol-Water Haating art Dormastic Water Spxteust Fiuld Operating YornperstureRenga( fF}: Conductivity, an) Unage Brurtvtete 4b eto Che te toa! what Ae an Sh phy wee bo ae Ya Ra ae 25 aa a8 Yet te EY OS fee oo teh Pat ea ei 198 ts 140 PE wy 2 et tg to +8 145 15 Source: ASHRAE 80.1-2019 Page 41 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-42.ppm === Table 35. Renewable Energy Ready Solar Water Heating Checklist Location: City: Province: ae Designate a proposed array location and square footage on architectural diagram _ kientity orientation (azimuth) of proposed array koation _ deyrees | | Kiontity Incination of proposed array location . degecs | | Conduct 9 shaging study documenting impacts on proposed array location ‘S aeljustod js | annual shading impact It using monthly vases as voritiod throug! the solar path Seraments check hore Assos: if proposed array Tocatlon supports a solar resource potential of more than 75% of the Optimal solar resaurce potential for the came kocation ueng the ontine RERH Salar Site Assessmont foal (SSAT) Yes. The home meets the menimum recommended sof rescurce pmtemial per the RERH SSAT results, continue with Section 2 below: No Thin array location does not mee! the recommenced solar resource potential per the RERH SSAT resis. this tocation is not 3 good host far a future salar emargy sysiem and should nat be Promde code comoliant documentation of tho masimum stowstic dead oad and lve load caings af the existing root, dead toad rating should support an additional 6 ltn/yg % for Suture Hovde code comphant documentatian of teh maximum atowatle floor toad tating tor storage tanks imstalied on non concrete Toor | 2.3 | install pormancet root anchor tall safety syatem (NA for raot pach « 212 ff] CC 3 Renewable Energy Ready Home infrastructure: Solar Water Heating Dedicate and labet a 3° x 3 x 7 area in the utilty room adjacent to the owisting water hones hoster foro volar hot weter tank tnstail an electrical outier with 6 of the Gomgnated wall area (3 7) 34 Install a solar bypass valve on the cold water toext of the wetter Prater jcap and inbel both ons) FT ah install a single 4° chase of 22" chases from utility reom to the att: space below desanated Ff | amray location (cap and label both ene Provide architectural drawing and plumping mor diagram of ERM SYW/H systom Componnnts rT 4 Homeowner Education oe to the homeowner a copy of hi checklist and af tho support docurments listed belaw to ‘ovded to the future solar ¢ oe Fully comploted RERH chocktist (att sections: Architectural drawings detating proposed artay location anc square footag os Plumbing riser diagram of RERH solar water heting system components and their locations | | Shading study wath percent monthly or agusted annus shading impactt:) Silo assessment record gonerated by the online RERH SSAT incicating that Ihe praposed rte meets a minimum sol resource potential of 75 percent of ontimeal Coce-compliant documentaton of tho maximum atowable doad load and live load matings of the root Cade.compiant documentation of the maximum atowatle floor toad rating for storage tanks intalied on non concrote floors ici ot Practices (Optional Elemen Dewsice a dotaiiad lacscape plan with a clon emphasis 07 low growth yogetation Place soo! penetrations above o7 north of the proposede aray to prevern casting shadows on the anra’ Butkic: Comp ction Date Butkies Cormparty Mame Butter Employoo Name Butder Empiayee Signature Source: Philippine Green Building Code Table 36: Steam and Hot Water System Checklist 1. Steam Generation System, Liter Fuel per kilo or kilo of fuel per kito of Steam Produced Fire Tube Boiler Biomass Boiler 2. Hot Water Generation System, Liter Fuel per Liter or kW of Electricity per liter of Hot Water Produced Caldera Type Hot Water Generator : Source: Guidelines on Energy Conserving Design of Buildings, 2007 Page 42 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-43.ppm === 7.1 7.2 7.3 PART lil ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS Section VII. Lighting Scope This section shall apply to the lighting of spaces and areas of buildings, such as: A. Interior spaces of buildings; B. Exterior areas of buildings such as entrances, exits, loading docks, parking areas, etc.; C. Roads, grounds and other exterior areas including open-air covered areas where lighting is required and is energized through the building's electrical service. Exemptions Only research laboratories with special lighting are exempted but are encouraged to use energy-efficient lighting system, whenever applicable. General Requirements of Energy-Efficient Lighting Design These set out the minimum requirements for achieving energy-efficient lighting installations. These are generally expressed in terms of illumination level, luminous efficacy, and lighting power density. In the course of selecting an appropriate indoor illumination level for a space, energy efficiency shall be taken into consideration, in addition to other lighting requirements. On the other hand, specific efficiency requirements for each type of lamp, control gear/ballast, and luminaire shall conform to the Minimum Energy Performance (MEP) for Products established by DOE. A. Buildings shall be planned and designed to maximize the use of natural light so as to reduce the use of artificial illumination. The lighting system shall be so designed that day lighting can be coordinated with artificial lighting, taking into consideration the problems of glare, brightness imbalance, and heat buildup in the building interiors. All regularly occupied spaces inside the building shall have a view of any combination of the following features that can allow daylight into the room space: Window Light sheif Clerestory Skylight Light monitor/light scoop Other devices that can allow daylight inside OaAPWN> However, the design shall ensure that whatever is saved from the lesser use of artificial lighting shall not be lost due to the increase in air conditioning load. Hence, the Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR) shall be balanced with the Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) of the glass to maintain flexibility in design. B. The lighting design shail utilize energy-efficient lighting equipment. The lighting system shall be so chosen so as to provide a flexible, effective and pleasing visual environment in accordance with the intended use, but with the least possible Page 43 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-44.ppm === energy requirements. . The use of task-oriented lighting shall be used whenever practicabie. . In the design of general lighting in buildings with centralized air conditioning equipment, consideration shall be given to integrated lighting and air conditioning systems which use luminaires with heat removal capabilities. (See related requirement in Section Air Conditioning.) . The lighting system shall be designed for expected activity. The task shall be analyzed in terms of difficulty, duration, criticalness, and location in order to determine the lighting needs throughout the space, always keeping in mind that higher illumination levels than necessary are likely to waste energy, while on the other hand, levels lower than needed could impair visual effectiveness. Table 37 lists the recommended illuminance levels. . Buildings with at least ten (10) storeys shall have at least one light in each corridor, emergency exit, and stairwell per storey. Each elevator shall also have at least one light, which shall always be lit and designed to have a separate circuit from the usual lighting circuit, which is not controllable by a switch, and is supplied by the UPS System of the building. . The designer shall select the most efficient lamps, the proper color rendition and . the desired color appearance appropriate for the type of lighting needed for the space to be lit. Using these lamps reduce power requirements. Refer to Table 38, Efficacy Ranges and Color Rendering Indices of Various Lamps. . In general, the normal artificial light source shail be the compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) or LED lamp. In down light installation, CFL or LED lamps can be used. in large high bay areas, high-pressure discharge lamps, induction lamps, or LED lamps are more appropriate. If color rendering is comparatively of minor importance, lamp types with Color Rendering Index (CRI) of less than 50 can be used. However, when good color rendering is required, lamp types with CRIs of 50 and above shall be used. Please refer to Table 38 for the CRIs of the different lamp types. The most efficient combination of luminaires, lamps, and ballasts appropriate for the lighting task and for the environment shall be selected so that lamp light output is used. effectively. The selected luminaire shall meet the requirements with respect to light distribution, uniformity, and glare control. The use of highly polished or mirror reflectors are recommended to reduce the number of lamps installed without reducing the illumination level. Where ballasts are used, these shall be of the electronic type or low loss type with a power factor of at least 85%. The highest practical room surface reflectance shall be considered in the lighting design. The use of light finishes shall attain the best overall efficiency of the entire lighting system. Dark surfaces shall be avoided because these absorb light. Table 39 lists the recommended room surface reflectance. . Selective switching possibilities shall be provided so that individual, or a specific group of fixtures, can be turned off when not needed, and lighting levels can be adapted to changing needs. In selecting lighting systems, the costs of operation and energy usage (i.e., the Life Cycle Cost or Cost of Ownership), and not simply the initial cost, shall be Page 44 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-45.ppm === 7.4 7.5 considered. Lighting Power Density (LPD) Limiting LPD will encourage the use of efficient lighting systems and reduce the lighting load in the buildings and surrounding facilities. Hence, all applicable building types shall comply with the LPD limits described in the following provisions: A. The total lighting power density for the interior spaces of buildings shall not exceed the maximum values for building areas/activities as specified in Table 40. Lighting power requirements for building exteriors, including walk/drive ways and grounds, shall not exceed the values given in Table 41. Lighting Controls All lighting systems, except those required for emergency or exit lighting for security and/or safety purposes, shall be provided with manual, automatic, or programmable controls. A. D. Building interior perimeter zones exposed to daylight generally do not require artificial lighting during the day. Where adequate day lighting is available, local manual or automatic controls such as photoelectric switches or automatic dimmers shall be provided in the day-lit spaces. Controls shall be provided so as to operate rows of lights parallel to the facade/exterior wall. Lighting fixtures within the daylight zone shall be controlled with photoelectric sensors with an auto on-off basis or continual dimming. The photoelectric sensor shall be located approximately at half (4) the depth of the daylight zone. If occupancy sensors are installed in the daylight zone, the occupancy sensor shall override the photoelectric sensor during non-occupancy periods. For residential condominiums, this applies only to common indoor areas with access to daylight. Installed lighting fixtures within the day-lit zones are exempt from using photoelectric sensor if this hinders its intended functions, with justification for exemption to be submitted along with the building permit application. . Occupancy sensors linked to lighting shall be installed in areas with variable occupancy, except for hospitals and malls and for emergency and security lighting, such as the following areas: Corridors Private offices Storage rooms Common toilets Meeting rooms Stairways Other similar areas NOOARWN = For covered car. parks, minimum of sixty per cent (60%) of the lighting shall be controlled by the occupancy sensors. Each space enclosed by wails or ceiling-height partitions shall be provided with at least one lighting control, capable of turning off all the lights within the space. Page 45 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-46.ppm === 7.6 Exception: Continuous lighting required for emergency/security purposes. One lighting control point shall be provided for each task lighting. The general lighting of any enclosed area 10 m? or larger in which the connected load exceeds 10 W/m? for the whole area shall be controlled so that the load for the lights may be reduced by at least 50%, while maintaining a reasonably uniform level of illuminance throughout the area. This may be done with the use of dimmers, by dual switching of alternate lamps, or by switching each luminaire or each lamp. . When dimming control of lighting will be needed, rheostat-based dimmers shall not be used; only electronic dimmers are allowed. . The number of fixtures or lamps shall be limited per lighting circuit to provide greater flexibility, provided, it shall also comply with section E. For the purpose of determining the total number of control points, Table 42 shail be used. Exterior lighting not intended for 24 hours’ continuous use shall be automatically switched by a timer, photocell, or a timer-photocell combination but provided with manual override. Hotel and motel guest rooms shall have one masier switch at the main entry door that turns off all permanently wired lighting fixtures and switched receptacles, except for security lighting, if required. This switch may be activated by the insertion and removal of the room key. Feature display lighting in retail and wholesale stores shall be separately switched on circuits not more than 20 amperes. If there are more than four of these display circuits, the display lighting shall be automatically controlled by a programmable timer with provisions for temporary override by store personnel. Valance lighting in retail and wholesale stores shall be switched independent of general and display lighting. Control Location A. B. All lighting controls shall be installed near the point of entry and shall be readily accessible to space occupants. Switches for task lighting areas may be mounted as part of the task lighting fixtures. Switches controlling the same load from more than one location shall not be credited as increasing the number of controls to meet the requirements of this subsection. Exceptions: 1. Lighting control requirements for spaces, which shall be used as a whole, shall be controlled in accordance with the work activities and controls may be centralized in remote locations. These areas include public lobbies of office buildings, hotels and hospitals; retail and department stores and warehouses; storerooms and service corridors under centralized supervision. 2. Manual and automatic control devices may reduce the number of controls required by using an equivalent number of controls from Table 40. Page 46 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-47.ppm === Automatic controls Programmable controls Controls requiring trained operators Controls for safety hazards and security Oo Bw Required Design Documentation The following documents shall be required for the building permit application: A. Architectural and electrical lighting layout plan showing the location of lighting receptacles and manual/automatic switches/controls, together with the lighting and lighting control technical specifications B. Technical data sheets/brochures of lamps, ballast (if applicable), and luminaires. C. Lighting power density computation and projected illumination per area/application. D. Relevant drawings and plans Table 37: Recommended Design Illuminance Levels Task Min. & Max. (Lux) Applications Stairways, corridors. ard Parking Interior Lighting for infrequently used areas ‘Storage Room. General Loading Docks. Locker Rooms, Lounge. Braak Foams and Restroorns? Toilets eeu ees ee Bedroom Dormitary. Cafeteria Eating, Gymnasium Exercise! Warkout, and Lobby Office sGeneral Library Stacks, MechanicalElectical Rooms and Retail sales Lighting for working and achwaty tenors } 4 Classe rOOns General, Confcrence Rags, ! Exhibit Space. Gyrinasium Sports: | Games, Library Reading: | Stucheng, Office Open. and Office-Privates i Chased | | i t 4 i | | a 300 . 750 Kitchens. Food Preparation and Workshops Locahzecd kghting for 500 #50 Laboratary Classrooms exacting tasks be pt ttea ston emi hte on ey Nae tin aantle ee nn ia nnnyntd engine Bn 750 1200u. Laboratory Protoss fonal ‘(Based from IESNA Lighting Handbook) Page 47 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-48.ppm === Table 38: Minimum Energy Performance, Efficacy Ranges and Color Rendering Indices of Various Lamps f t Lamp (CFL) + LincarDouble “Rated Power Ranges Incandescent Lamp Campact Fluorescent | Bare Lamp 41 65 Encapsujated uuu Gs o Capped | | LED Lamp | External Induction Fiuorescent Lamp Halophasphar 1G. 65 i 55 7 70 Triphosphar 14.65 | 60.83 80 Triphosphar TS 1435 80.95 BO Singh: Capped (Chcular) Fluorescent Lamps Halephospher 7O 80 Trphaspher Self-ballasted {E27} Linear‘Doublo Capped Go Giz 100 200 65. (Electrode loss} Lamps Mercury Vapor Lamp [ 50 2000 40-63 Metal Halide Lamp up to 1000 75-95 Low Pressure Sodium Lamp pave be eee ; ae ieee | Seat Prossure | 50-250 80.730 Sodium Lamp anim say aqenniintoeiinyatntennaeimn deeper re maneatnne tmmeessese ai ersten ti rtm Tae el mma Actin nti nasil Note: Most of the data in the above table provided by DOE-LATD Table 39: Recommended Room Surface Reflectances i Surface Ceilings — i Walls Bere eet et enenennte canescens ienndpiris ane emirate! Furnitures Flocrs Source: Guidelines on Energy Conserving Design of Buildings, 2007 Page 48 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-49.ppm === Table 40: Maximum Lighting Power Density for Building Interiors ae | Building Area Type Lighting Power Density (W/m2)} Automotive Facility 84 | Convention Center | 6.4 Courthouse | a5 | “Dining Barloungeltasure 86 Dining: Cafeteria‘Fast Food i 8.2 | ining: Family i tant tee a at Dormitary i | Exercise Canter i + : Fire Station b.0 saan cetnninentnatlannireten enn teeta nner eeiie mieten naan manner aimee met meinen nso shen eT | Gymnasium 8.2 Health Care Clinic a? i met a tenet nee tiga en nen ene ifpoenn enti tmrenatincinmeninenn artistes Sintec ae ermnanten sat anata event inner d ' Haspital 70.3 | : wo a _ a | Hotel/Motel Bid) | — ih a OD eee! | Manufacturing Faciity Motion Picture Theater > _. ~ Multifamiy — Museum r Office é | Parking Garage Penitentiary | Performing Arts Theater Police Station | Post Office = ) Religious Facility Retail bene | School/University Sports Arena a a Sa | Transportation —T H Town Hall | 1 Warehouse i ns ae . + mieten neem rina Lene te reer anyone tyne net Workshop a8 Le | Source: ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 Page 49 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-50.ppm === 8.1 Table 41: Maximum Values for Lighting Power Densities for Building Exteriors Bullding Area/Space Lighting Power Base Allowance 200 W Facade Lighting and Special Feature Arcas, Walkways and Plazas ~ — Landscape Ta Weim? O4 Wine 46 WiLra Entry Doors i a va oe ennes neiren nm revetment Stairs and Ramps 7.5 Wim? Farking Lots and Drives 0.5 Wine 2.2 \iim2 AL Other Arcas nat Listed Abowc Ie nett nent sre yeti Ryn enttsnan Nee Note: WW/Lm = watts per linear meter To calculate the exterior lighting values, multiply the space or area square meter by the lighting power and, then, add the product to the base allowance. Source: ANSVASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2018 Table 42: Control Types and Equivalent Number of Control Points Type of Control! Continuous (Automatic) dimming Manually operated on-off switch Occupancy Sens Timer. programmable fram ihe apace being Contralled 3 Level step contral tincluding off} or pre-set Dimming 4 Level step control (including off} or pre-set Dimming Continuous (Automatic) dimming Source: Guidelines on Energy Conserving Design of Buildings, 2007 SECTION Vill. Electric Motors AC Motors This section shall apply to the energy efficiency requirements of electric motors in buildings. A. For general-purpose, T-frame, single speed, foot-mounted, polyphase induction motor of design A and B configuration that is rated for continuous operation and operating at 230 to 480 volts, 60 Hz, as defined in the North American (NEMA) Standard MG 1 and rated from 1 to 200 hp, drip-proof, and totally enclosed fan- cooled enclosures, shall be covered by the efficiency requirements under these guidelines. Page 50 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-51.ppm === B. A motor’s performance shail equal or exceed the nominal full load efficiency levels given in Table 43. Motors operating more than 750 hours a year shall be of the energy-efficient types as shown in Table 44 and shall at a minimum be type IE2 (international efficiency, high). Energy-efficient motors are higher in quality with increased reliability, providing savings from reduced downtime, replacement, operation and maintenance costs. C. The nameplates of these motors shall include not only all the information required by the latest edition of the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1, but also the rated full load efficiency and full load power factor as determined by the latest version of Philippine National Standard PNS/IEC 61972 - Methods for Determining Losses and Efficiency of Three Phase Caged Induction Motors. D. Motor Selection 1. The type and the size of the squirrel-cage induction motor shall be selected only after an accurate determination of the starting and running requirements of the load has been made, taking into account the following factors: Maximum overload expected Ambient conditions Power supply conditions Future expansion Deterioration of the driven load Duty cycle Speed a-gpao79 2. The first five factors above shall be considered carefully as these suggest the selection of larger capacity motors, compared with the use of low power factor and low efficiency motors. 3. In cases where higher kW rating is necessary due to special requirements of the application, the motor rating may be increased but shall not exceed 125% of the calculated maximum load to be served. If this rating is not available, the next higher rating may be selected. Page 51 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-52.ppm === Table 43: Minimum Acceptable Full Load Efficiency be LZ KWLS hp) > OB RW (Thp) b { i 1 1.6 kW (2 bp) [Preiesetern atte tana canes ae | 24kWGnp} £ 4.0 KW iS hp} ' 6.OKWIZ5 ho} | gas | 885 B75 | BBS a t- oe : 8.0 KW 110 hp) 8. 875 § BFS £ ZO KW TTS np} : »IG.O RW (20 np - 88.5 | B75 ec ene 96.2 | 88.5 SO2 a0 ae an { 1 | 20.0 kW (25 hol OF? 895 + * 32.0 kW (40 Ap} — £ 24.0 kW (30 np} _—— ; } 40.0 kW (50 hp) } 4B kW {60 hp] . 1 60 kW (75 hp} es eee ae £ BO kW (100 hp) t— | 100 kW (125 hp) ! 420 kW (150 hp) "160 kW (200 hp) Source: Guidelines on Energy Conserving Design of Buildings, 2007 Page 52 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-53.ppm === Table 44: IEC-NEMA MEP Rating Values for AC Motors 60 Hz IE - Standard 1E2 - High Efficiency i Efficiency Efficiency we pw i{2faflei;/2ftefte lle pole | pole | pole pole pote pole pote pote pole q O7> TF 78 72 7a S25 BO | wT BB.5 825 15 VW 7E.5 79 FS | S2.0 B4 S50 B4 AGE Ort 2 15 B1 Bh 77 i a4 g4 BG.5 Bh. Hob | Bs 3 2.2 H15 83 78h 80.5 B2h | Hr i £60 aso Ba5 & 37 45 1) 85 83.5 B75 BEG BRD | BED ROS i BST 7% 5.5 86 BY gS 88.5 83.5 $a5 | GET att } my Ww 75 B75 B75 | 86 83.5 &5.5 85.5 90.2 Oy : oi 15 N BRG | S85 | 85 50.2 a BO.2 | a Gat at 20 15 BES B9.> | BS5 80.2 1 30.2 ot 33 1 ou 25 18.5 B85 | 90.5 | 90.2 i O24 Oy au SAG | 93 30 22 25.5 | 3 al ot O24 ay ony tha th a3 ag 30 o0.2 | o1F On? ay 33 93 92.4 344 i onl 5O 37 O15 32.4 | S17 g2.4 Bx 33 $3 aan | O44 6o 45 O17 92 Ot7 QF O30 EEC Bs.o its oa 7S 55 G24 | a2 G2) ie ay SA65 G35 ood i Cyt ES 400 7h 92 Q3.2 | 92 93.6 OE O44 4 B44 OG 4 ch 42h OC 92 O32 | oS fed 8 40 344 ao Wt ah wo no 05 83.5 | Gas fet i on On ae O58 95.8 200 5G 944 Sd. | S44 oS ah oo 95.4 $0.2 250 12.5 B47 M4 | Gan 95.4 o5.4 oo 95.5 OG.2 | 300 220 O44 dh | Gat an4 Sh.4 ah B58 62 350 250 a Bel 94.5 | Gat 354 vod a5 | 95.8 S62 400 200 344 94.5 7 944 95.4 95.4 a | ane 96.2 460 3320 941 94.5 | B44 954 95.4 35 j B58 96.2 95.8 S00 376 944 94.5 | O44 a5.4 en.4 ah O58 ele ab ee CRO SOCCEROOS SEES COS OENNOSESD OCR i serene [L peweene dob Source: IEC/NEMA E. Where an application requires varying output operation of motor-driven equipment for any application, a variable speed drive shall be utilized instead of electro- mechanical devices. F. Switched Reluctance Motors 1. Switched reluctance motors (SRM) present several advantages such as high efficiency, maximum operating speed, good performance in terms of torque/inertia ratio, making them an attractive solution to variable speed applications. Their performance strongly depends on the applied control. 2. Switched reluctance motors are usually designed to operate at various speeds with the highest efficiency. They are used mainly in domestic appliances like vacuum cleaners, washing machines, and general-purpose industrial drives. However, SRMs are now being utilized as power drives for electric vehicles. G. Other applicable requirements specified in the latest edition of the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1 shall be complied with. 8.2 High Efficiency Motors A. High efficiency motors are basically high flux density, low core loss, and low current density motors, which shall be employed whenever applicable. B. Minimum efficiency performance requirement (MEPR) for electric motors used in Page 53 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-54.ppm === 8.3 residential, commercial, and institutional applications in these guidelines shall be at least IE2 type or whatever minimum energy performance requirement mandated by the DOE. The goals of implementing MEPR are to increase energy efficiency, promote energy savings, and reduce operating cost for electric motors. C. Exceptions from the MEPR are the following: 1. Submersible motors; 2. Motors that are integrated into a system that prevents the individual motor efficiency from being tested; 3. Motors designed to operate at extremely high or low temperatures, in explosive environments (ATEX), or at altitudes above 1000 meters above sea level. D. The latest versions of IEC 60034-2-1 - Standard for electric motors and IEC 60034- 30-1 - Classification scheme comprising four levels of motor efficiency ("IE-code") shall be the reference standards used in these guidelines. On the other hand, the latest edition of NEMA MG 1, which defines the manufacturing standards for alternating-current (AC) and direct-current (DC) motors shail also be the reference standard to be used in these guidelines. E. IEC 60034-30-1 is the standard for electric motors, where IE1 (Standard Efficiency), IE2 (High Efficiency), iE3 (Premium Efficiency) and IE4 (Super Premium Efficiency) are the energy efficiency types or classification. |E4 motors are higher in efficiency than IE3 motors, which are more efficient than |E2 motors, and so on. F. For cooling systems using motors, either the Energy Efficiency Factor (EEF) or the Cooling Seasonal Performance Factor (CSPF) shall be the measure of energy performance that shall apply. EEF shall apply to refrigeration systems, while CSPF shall apply to air conditioning systems. The higher the EEF or CSPF, the higher the system's efficiency. Please refer to the Mechanical Systems Section for the Minimum Energy Performance (MEP) requirements for refrigerating and air conditioning systems, as mandated by DOE. Starting and Control Methods for Electric Motors A. Starting Methods 1. Direct-on-line is the most basic and simplest starting method. Although the starting time is short, the torque at starting is smaller and the current is large, which is suitable for starting small capacity motors only. 2. Star-Delta Method is a three-phase induction motor whose stator winding is stipulated to link in delta connection. It can be started in star to reduce the Starting current and then closes at delta coil connections. Star-Delta starting shall be avoided. 3. Auto-transformer starting refers to a reduction of grid voltage to the motor stator windings until the speed approaches to a steady value, and then the motor is connected to the power grid. Transformer tapping is chosen to receive required starting voltage and starting torque. This device shail be avoided unless extremely necessary. 4. Soft Starting method includes soft starting light load efficiently. One of the most important features is that the electronic circuit is conducted into the silicon- controlled rectifier of the motor under the tandem connection of power supply. The torque of the motor gradually increases with enhancing speed. Soft starter is a voltage regulator that only changes the voltage without altering the Page 54 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-55.ppm === 8.4 frequency at starting. This method is highly recommended for most applications. Soft starters with energy optimization shall be used in all simple constant speed operation to ensure high efficiencies and high power factors even during light duty conditions without reduction in speed. B. Variable Speed/Frequency Drives 1. Variable Speed Drive (VSD) or Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) describes the equipment used to control the speed of machinery by changing the frequency of the motor that is being operated. Where process conditions demand adjustment of flow from a pump or fan, varying the speed of the drive shall save energy compared with other techniques for flow control. VSD/VFD provides many benefits to motor operation such as smooth starting, smooth acceleration and deceleration time, stopping methods, reversal of motor, increased power factor, and huge savings if properly applied. It is highly recommended in most applications requiring variable speed operation. Variable frequency/speed drives produce harmonics. it is very important that the VFD is designed according to advanced technology; having improved VFD switching devices, harmonic filters, topologies, simulation control techniques, and effective control of software and hardware devices in order to ensure that the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) shall be kept below 5%. The building is best to have an on-line power quality monitoring device. Throttling control of fans is easily done by the use of VFD resulting to substantial energy reduction. All blower and fans requiring speed control operation shall use variable frequency drives. For most efficient operations, buildings shall be equipped with servo motors or VED driven motors instead of conventional electro-mechanical devices. All motors for mechanical equipment over five (5) kW shall utilize high efficiency motors (at least 1E2), in accordance with Table 44, coupied with variable speed drives (for variable speed applications) or soft starters (for constant speed applications). All motors of cooling towers shall utilize high efficiency motors (at least IE2), in accordance with Table 44 coupled with variable speed drives (for variable speed applications) or soft starters (for constant speed applications). Kitchen ventilation fans are exempt from this requirement. Non-centralized air- conditioning systems in buildings are not required to employ variable speed controllers. However, said fans and air-conditioning systems shall comply with the MEPP mandated by DOE. DC Motors A. Use DC motors for applications of higher starting torque, quick starting and stopping, reversing, and variable speeds with voltage free from harmonics. B. DC motor principles are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motors are lightweight brushed motor used for portable power tools and other applications. C. Brushless DC (BLDC) motors produce comparatively low operating noise as compared with other motors with the same ratings. BLDC motors can have a feedback control to monitor and control the speed and torque, resulting to accurate torque and speed control providing higher efficiency, low power consumption, and Page 55 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-56.ppm === 8.5 8.6 D. long battery life where batteries are needed. Unless extremely necessary, use of large DC Motors shall be avoided. Direct Current (DC) Motors with Inverter (DC Drives) A. DC Inverter (Drives) further strengthens the advantage of DC Motors over AC Motors. Losses from electro-mechanical components are replaced with low loss static componenis. Brushless DC motors and other inverter-driven DC motors are preferred over other AC motors controlled by electro-mechanical devices. Efficiency is further enhanced in multiple DC operations using common DC bus drive system. Cost savings are possible because only one larger system is used for many smaller reactors, braking units, contactors, etc. Due to its low energy consumption and very good speed contro! capabilities, DC motors with inverter drives are used now in many applications, such as inverter type air conditioners, inverter type refrigerators and inverter type escalators/walkways. In all of the above methods, compliance with specific PEC provisions on proper sizing of control components and protective devices shall be observed. Pumps A. Pump nameplate shall cover ail electrical parameters and mechanical information. Ensure that the suction and discharge dimensions are correctly applied for maximum performance. Non-compliance of actual installation to pump capacity shall be rejected. A pump shall be properly sized for its application to attain a flow near peak efficiency maintaining a flow between 80% and 100% of the Best Efficiency Point (BEP). improperly sized pumps operate too far off the BEP, and forces an imbalance inside the pump, resulting to parts failure due to excessive wear. Operating to the right of the BEP increases the exit velocity of the fluid leaving the pump. When the discharge flow is restricted, fluid re-circulates within the pump, creating a low- pressure area which can lead to increased radial loading and tow flow circulation. These conditions substantially degrade the efficiency performance of the pumps and shall be avoided. . The creation of imbalanced pressure increases the radial loads on the impeller and would cause shaft deflection. This increases vibration which damages the bearing and or mechanical seals, all resulting to poor performance and shall be avoided. If the Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) is too low, the fluid pressure on the trailing side of the fluid forms vapor bubbles, which can collapse violently. This can cause sudden, dangerously uneven axial and radial loading on the impeller. A digital monitoring system with data acquisition, analysis, and control would be effective in avoiding such conditions. A Predictive Maintenance program plays a major role in increasing the life of a pump Where an application requires varying output operation of motor-driven equipment such as a centrifugal pump, a variable frequency/speed drive shail be used, instead of throttling the output of the pump. Page 56 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-57.ppm === 8.6 8.7 8.8 . All buildings with at least ten (10) storeys shall include in the water distribution system the integration of overhead or elevated water tanks that will facilitate the distribution of potable and/or non-potable water into the building spaces, without compromising the required water volume and pressure, provided that there is a twenty percent (20%) fire reserve over and above the average daily demand supply. The system shall rely mostly on elevation and gravity to distribute water within the building in order to reduce dependence on pumps and motorized systems, thus reduce energy consumption. . All motors for domestic pumps shall utilize high efficiency motors with at least [E2 ratings (refer to Table 44) and be equipped with either soft starters (for constant speed applications) or VFDs/VSDs (for variable speed applications). Escalators and Walkways A. Escalators and moving ramps/walkways shall be fitted with automated controls to reduce to a slower speed when no activity has been detected for a maximum period of one and a half (1- 1/2) minutes, where the duration may be adjusted depending on the demand. Escalators and moving ramps/walkways shall automatically be placed on standby mode when no activity has been detected for a maximum period of five (5) minutes; duration may be adjusted depending on the demand. . Escalators and moving ramps/walkways shall be designed with energy-efficient AC motors equipped with VFDs or DC inverter drives. Activation of reduced speed and power off and power on modes shail be done through sensors installed under the top or bottom landing areas. . Escalators with high gravitational potential energy (i.e., high-capacity escalators moving many people with long downward travel distances), especially for airports and train stations, shall be equipped with VFDs/VSDs coupled with line regenerative drives. Elevators/Lift A. Elevators shall use alternating current (AC) Variable Voltage and Variable Frequency (VVVF) drives on non-hydraulic elevators to reduce energy demand. Elevators of buildings with at least ten storeys, especially office buildings and hotels, shall be equipped with VFDs/VSDs coupled with line regenerative drives. . Elevators shall use energy-efficient lighting, including on displays in the elevator car, which shall have an average lamp efficacy, across all fittings in the car, of at least 80 lumens/watts. . All lighting, except the emergency light powered by the UPS of the building, shall switch off after the elevator has been inactive for a maximum period of five (5) minutes. The elevators shall operate in a standby mode when no activity has been detected for a maximum period of five (5) minutes; said duration may be adjusted, depending on the demand. Required Design Documentation The following documents shall be required for the building permit application: Page 57 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-58.ppm === 9.1 9.2 1. Architectural floor plans showing the location of elevators, escalators, moving ramps and walkways, and pumps 2. Building sections showing the height and vertical location of the elevators, escalators, moving ramps, and walkways 3. Electrical plans showing single line diagrams of power supply, manual and automatic control circuits, load schedule and technical specifications of all motor-driven equipment, especially the energy efficiency types/ classification of the motors 4. Mechanical equipment schedule showing the description of operation of the elevators, escalators, moving ramps and walkways, and pumps 5. Technical data sheets/brochures of VFDs/VSDs, line regenerative drive equipment, elevators, escalators, moving ramps/walkways, and pumps 6. Process control diagrams of elevators, escalators, and moving ramps/walkways 7. Relevant drawings and plans. Section IX. Electric Power and Distribution Scope This section applies to the energy efficiency requirements for transformers and energy conservation requirements of the distribution systems of buildings. Transformer A. All transformers that are to be part of the building’s electrical system shall have efficiencies not lower than 98%. The transformer shall be tested in accordance with the latest edition of the relevant Philippine National Standards (PNS), under the test conditions of full load, free of harmonics, and at unity power factor. The average power factor of the loads being served by the transformers at any time shall not be less than 85% lagging. In cases where load power factors are below this value, capacitors or power factor improving devices shall be provided so that automatic or manual correction can be made. When capacitor banks are installed and the Computed Harmonic Contamination Index (CHCl) of a building surpasses 15%, the capacitor bank shall be equipped with detuned filters. CHC| shall be computed by the following formula: CHC! = kW (harmonic loads) / kW (total load) x 100 . Transformer load grouping schemes shall be so designed such that the transformer is loaded to not less than 60% of its full load ratings, and that no-load circuits or partially loaded circuit combinations shail be minimized as much as possible. . Disconnect switches or breakers shall be provided at the primary (supply) side of the transformer to allow electrical disconnection during no load period. Transformers located inside a building shall have sufficient ventilation and have direct access from the road for ease of maintenance at all times. Page 58 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-59.ppm === 9.3 F. The high voltage side of the main transformer shall be connected in delta, while the low voltage side shall be connected in wye with its neutral available for grounding. Power Supply and Distribution A. In the calculation of the wire sizes to be used, the designer shail follow the procedure specified in the latest edition of the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC), Part |, considering the factors stated therein so as to arrive at the minimum acceptable wire size. The design Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and Total Demand Distortion (TDD) for a three-phase circuit at the connection point in the distribution system shall not exceed the limits specified in the Philippine Distribution Code (PDC). For three-phase, four-wire circuits with single-phase loads, the maximum current unbalance (unbalance single-phase loads distribution) shall not cause the voltage unbalance at the distribution system to exceed the limits specified in the Philippine Distribution Code. . All buildings shall install systems to protect their facilities from the effects of lightning and transient voltage surges, which complies with the relevant provisions in the latest edition of the PEC Part 1. Electrical vaults/rooms, switchgear rooms, generator rooms, in-door substations, control rooms, relay rooms, battery rooms, metering rooms, SCADA and Telecommunications rooms, and other similar rooms, shall have sufficient natural or mechanical ventilation to keep the room temperatures below 30 C and the relative humidity at 75-95% non-condensing. The sum of the operating cost over the economic life of the distribution system (Life Cycle Cost) shail be considered rather than just the initial cost. Operating cost shall include, but is not limited to, the maintenance cost and energy losses. . Electric Vehicle (EV) Parking with Charging Stations 1. Private and public buildings and establishments covered by these guidelines and pursuant to Republic Act No. 6541, otherwise known as the National Building Code of the Philippines, shall designate dedicated parking slots for the exclusive use of Electric Vehicles (EVs). The number of dedicated parking slots shall be proportional to the total number of parking slots within the building or establishment as mandated by said law. 2. All designated EV parking areas shall be provided with charging stations or electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) for use in charging the EVs. Construction of the EVSE shall comply with ail the relevant local standards for electrical connection. 3. The instailation of the EVSE is made cost-effective when the infrastructure is installed during the initial construction phase as opposed to retrofitting existing buildings to accommodate the new electrical equipment. EVSEs that are installed close to the required power source reduce the need for cutting, trenching, and drilling to add new conduits to reach the EVSE. Additionally, the cost of installation can be reduced if the existing conduits have adequate capacity for EVSEs. 4. The installation of a separate meter or sub-metering allows electricity used by EVSE to be isolated from the rest of a building or structure’s energy usage, Page 59 of 74 === dc2020-12-0026-guidelines-pages-60.ppm === though distinguishing usage between multiple cords of an EVSE can only be accomplished by the EVSE itself. For locations with multiple EVSE, it is best practice to provide a separate meter for each. 5. The raceway(s) shail originate at a service panel or subpaneil(s) serving the area, and shall terminate in close proximity to the proposed location of the charging equipment and into listed suitable cabinet(s), box(es), enclosure(s) or equivalent. Plan design shall be based on 40-ampere minimum branch circuits. H. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) System 1. All buildings with at least ten (10) storeys shall have a UPS System with enough capacity to power the emergency/security lighting load of all the corridors, emergency exits, stairwells, elevators, parking spaces, and perimeter areas of a building for at least one (1) hour (back-up time). 2. The UPS System to be installed in the building shail be of the most efficient design/configuration for the capacity required. Please refer to Table 45. 3. The total harmonics generated by the UPS System shall not exceed 5%. pes and Characteristics of Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) Systems Practical Inverter Classification | Power Voltage Cost per Efficiency | always Range Conditioning | VA operating Low Very High | No Line 5 - Design i Very High Design Interactive Dependent Dependent Standby On- High Low Partially Line Hybrid Standby Ferro High High No Conversion 5 - 5000 High On-Line Delta Conversion 5 - 5000 High | High On-Line Notes: Descriptions of the UPS classifications can be seen in the Definition of Terms Section Source: ENPAP 4.0 |. Emergency/Standby Generator Sets 1. Buildings with elevators are required to have emergency generator sets with enough capacities to power the elevators for a limited duration (i.e., enough time to evacuate persons trapped inside the elevators) during commercial power outages. 2. The generator set shall be sized to its proper power rating to maximize its use and efficiency. The rating is defined as follows: a) Standby Power Rating - Standby power rated generators are the most commonly rated generator sets. Their primary application is to supply emergency power for a limited duration during a power outage. Standby power rating shall be applied to the unit where public utility power is available. The typical rating for a standby engine shall be sized for a maximum of 80% average load factor, and roughly 200 hours per year. This Page 60 of 74