Total Final Energy Consumption (TFEC)
TFEC is the total energy consumed by end-users — households, industry, transport, services, and agriculture. It covers energy products that consumers purchase or receive directly: electricity, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, LPG, biomass, and similar fuels. TFEC does not include the energy lost during conversion (e.g., coal-to-electricity losses at power plants); those conversion losses are captured in the difference between TPES and TFEC [PEP 2023-2050 Vol. I, p.47, fn.32, 2023].
TFEC ≠ TPES. TPES (Total Primary Energy Supply) is the upstream measure — all primary energy entering the system including fuels burned at power plants. TFEC is the downstream measure — what end-users actually consume after conversion. The gap between the two (approximately 25.7 MTOE in 2022) represents transformation losses, mainly in power generation.
2022 Baseline: 35.9 MTOE
TFEC grew by 2.4 percent to 35.9 MTOE in 2022 from 35.0 MTOE in 2021, despite GDP growing at 7.6 percent — indicating that energy efficiency improved in aggregate [PEP 2023-2050 Vol. I, p.47, 2023].
TFEC by Sector (2022)
| Sector | Share | MTOE (approx) | Change vs 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transport | 34.4% | 12.3 | +12.2% |
| Households | 28.8% | 10.3 | +1.3% |
| Industry | 19.8% | 7.1 | +4.2% |
| Services | 12.4% | 4.5 | −8.2% |
| Agriculture | 3.6% | 0.4 | −32.0% |
| Non-energy use | 1.1% | — | −21.5% |
[PEP 2023-2050 Vol. I, p.47, 2023]
Transport (12.3 MTOE)
The lifting of COVID-19 mobility restrictions drove a 12.2 percent surge. Road transport dominated at 89.5% of the sector; domestic aviation jumped 76.6% as tourism rebounded. Gasoline and diesel together accounted for 90.3% of transport fuel demand. EV growth contributed to a 9.3% increase in transport electricity consumption [PEP 2023-2050 Vol. I, p.49, 2023].
Households (10.3 MTOE)
Biomass remained the dominant household fuel at 57.8% (fuelwood 60.5% of biomass, charcoal 22.1%), used primarily for cooking and heating. Electricity’s share was 29.5% (3.0 MTOE). LPG gained traction at 12.3% despite price increases. Household electrification reached 96.2% as of December 2022 [PEP 2023-2050 Vol. I, p.50, 2023].
Industry (7.1 MTOE)
Manufacturing accounted for 80.5% of industry’s TFEC, with energy-intensive sub-sectors (food processing, cement, iron/steel, chemicals) at 67.8% of manufacturing. Electricity was the top industrial fuel at 34.9% (2.5 MTOE); coal second at 26.1% (1.8 MTOE) but declining due to high import prices [PEP 2023-2050 Vol. I, pp.50–51, 2023].
Services (4.5 MTOE)
Despite 9.2% GDP growth in services, sector energy demand fell 8.2% to 4.5 MTOE due to a sharp 35.0% drop in diesel consumption (from 2.0 to 1.3 MTOE). Electricity became the dominant services fuel at 46.9%, growing 15.0%. LPG and fuel oil also grew [PEP 2023-2050 Vol. I, p.51, 2023].
Agriculture (378.3 kTOE)
Demand fell 32.0% — driven by adverse weather (Typhoons Karding and Paeng in Q4 2022), African Swine Fever impact on livestock, and higher production input costs. Electricity accounted for 62.6% of agriculture TFEC; diesel 31.9% [PEP 2023-2050 Vol. I, p.51, 2023].
TFEC by Fuel (2022)
| Fuel | Share |
|---|---|
| Petroleum/oil products | 50.9% (18.3 MTOE) |
| Electricity | 21.9% (7.9 MTOE) |
| Biomass | 20.1% (7.2 MTOE) |
| Coal | 5.4% (1.9 MTOE) |
| Biofuels | ~1.6% (575.2 kTOE) |
[PEP 2023-2050 Vol. I, pp.47–48, 2023]
Oil/petroleum at 50.9% reflects the economy’s continued dependence on imported fossil fuels, particularly for transport. Biomass at 20.1% reflects the household cooking fuel reality — a transition challenge for energy access and health policy.
TFEC in PEP Projections
The PEP 2023-2050 projects TFEC reaching 90.6 MTOE by 2050 under REF (3.4%/yr CAGR) and 82.9 MTOE under CES-1, with efficiency and electrification moderating demand growth in the clean energy scenarios [PEP 2023-2050 Vol. I, Table 1, 2023]. See Reference Scenario (REF) and Clean Energy Scenarios (CES-1 and CES-2) .